长期林地覆盖经营对雷竹林自然笋外观、营养和食味品质的影响  

Effects of Long-term Mulching on Appearance,Nutrition and Taste of Bamboo Shoots of Phyllostachys violascens

作　　者：杨丽婷 谢燕燕 俞文仙 陈双林[1] 郭子武[1] 徐森 谷瑞 YANG Li-ting;XIE Yan-yan;YU Wen-xian;CHEN Shuang-lin;GUO Zi-wu;XU Sen;GU Rui(Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou 311400,Zhejiang,China;Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Fuyang District,Hangzhou 311400,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江杭州311400 [2]杭州市富阳区农业农村局,浙江杭州311400

出　　处：《竹子学报》2021年第3期7-12,共6页Journal of Bamboo Research

基　　金：浙江省基础公益项目(LGN22C160015);浙江省林业科技推广项目(2022B03)。

摘　　要：雷竹是我国优良笋用竹种,林地覆盖经营可以促使竹笋早出,显著提高竹林经济效益。但长期覆盖经营会导致雷竹林土壤劣变,立地生产力衰退,是否会对雷竹自然笋品质产生负面影响尚不清楚。以长期覆盖(连续覆盖6 a)、轮闲覆盖(覆盖3 a休养3 a)和未覆盖(CK)雷竹林为研究对象,测定自然出笋期的竹笋外观、营养与食味品质指标,分析长期林地覆盖经营对竹笋品质的影响,为雷竹林可持续经营与高品质竹笋培育提供参考。结果表明,与未覆盖雷竹林相比,轮闲覆盖雷竹林竹笋长度、基径、个体重量均显著增加,蛋白质、淀粉、纤维素、可溶性糖、草酸、总酸、芳香氨基酸及总氨基酸含量均显著下降,木质素、单宁含量和可食率、糖酸比略有下降;而且轮闲覆盖雷竹林竹笋长度、基径、个体重量及蛋白质、淀粉、可溶性糖、芳香氨基酸、总氨基酸含量和可食率、糖酸比均显著高于长期覆盖雷竹林竹笋,而高径比、纤维素、木质素、单宁、草酸、总酸及苦味氨基酸含量与比例均显著低于长期覆盖雷竹林竹笋。研究表明,长期林地覆盖会导致雷竹笋单重和可食率下降,酸涩味与粗糙度增加,竹笋发生严重的品质劣变,建议采用轮闲覆盖经营方式。Phyllostachys violascens is a superior shoot-oriented bamboo species in China,and performing mulching measures can promote early shoot emergence and increase the economic benefits of bamboo plantation.Although it was evident that long-term mulching led to soil degradation and land productivity decline,its effects on the shoots quality were unknown.In this study,three mulching modes were investigated,including long-term mulching(consecutive 6-year mulching),respite-mulching(3-year mulching+3-year respite)and non-mulching(CK).The appearance,nutrition and taste of bamboo shoots were assessed and the impacts of long-term mulching on shoots quality were analyzed,which shed light on the theoretical underpinnings of the sustainable management of bamboo plantation and high-quality shoot cultivation.The results showed that compared to CK mode,the length,basal diameter and individual weight of the shoots in respite-mulching mode were significantly improved,while the contents of protein,starch,cellulose,soluble sugar,oxalic acid,total acid,aromatic amino acids and total amino acids were evidently lower.Meanwhile,the contents of lignin and tannin,the edible rate and the sugar-acid ratio decreased slightly.However,the length,basal diameter,individual weight,the contents of protein,starch,soluble sugar,aromatic amino acids and total amino acids,the edible rate and the sugar-acid ratio of the shoots in respite-mulching mode were all notably greater than those in long-term mulching mode.Meanwhile,the height-diameter ratio,the contents of cellulose,lignin,tannin,oxalic acid and total acid and the content and proportion of bitter amino acids were all markedly lower.All these results indicated that long-term mulching treatment led to decreases in individual weight and edible rate but increases in tartness and roughness of bamboo shoots,which resulted in serious deterioration of shoots quality.Therefore,it was suggested the respite-mulching mode should be adopted.

关 键 词：雷竹 林地覆盖 竹笋品质 适口性 

分 类 号：S795[农业科学—林木遗传育种]