生物炭防控镰刀菌枯萎病的研究进展  

Research Progress of Biochar in Controlling Fusarium Wilt

作　　者：王金超 陈利民 金爱武[1,2,3] 陈婷婷 张燕[1] 朱强根[1] WANG Jin-chao;CHEN Li-min;JIN Ai-wu;CHEN Ting-ting;ZHANG Yan;ZHU Qiang-gen(Lishui University,Lishui 323000,Zhejiang,China;Integrated Plant Protection Center,Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Lishui 323000,Zhejiang,China;College of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]丽水学院,浙江丽水323000 [2]丽水市农林科学研究院,浙江丽水323000 [3]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《竹子学报》2021年第3期49-59,共11页Journal of Bamboo Research

基　　金：丽水市重点研发计划(2021ZDYF10);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY22C150007)。

摘　　要：生物炭是植物本体或残渣在低氧条件下不完全燃烧所产生的热解固体产物,在土壤改良方面具有很大的应用前景。已有研究表明在多种作物上生物炭特别是竹炭对镰刀菌引起的枯萎病具有较好的防控效果。作者通过梳理国内外有关生物炭防控镰刀菌引起的枯萎病作用机制及其影响因素,总体表现为:生物炭不仅通过改良土壤理化性质、调节土壤微生态、吸附镰刀菌及镰刀毒素等方式间接实现对镰刀菌引起枯萎病的控制,而且生物炭还能够免疫诱抗作物抗枯萎病,改变作物抗镰刀菌枯萎病的内部因素,可成为一种能够有效控制镰刀菌枯萎病的新型绿色防控材料。生物炭控制镰刀菌枯萎病的效果在不同作物间存在较大差异,同时生物炭的原材料类型、热解温度以及施用剂量等亦是影响生物炭实际使用效果的重要因素。建议今后充分利用新型分子生物学技术手段重点解析生物炭免疫诱抗镰刀菌枯萎病的代谢途径,结合多组学联合分析的方法系统解析生物炭-作物-土壤-病原菌间的互作关系,进一步明确生物炭防控镰刀菌枯萎病内在机制。在生产应用上更多加强如竹子、农林废弃物等资源丰富、绿色可持续利用的生物炭研究,为生产规模应用提供理论支持和技术支撑。Biochar is the solid pyrolysis product of incomplete combustion of plants or their residues under low oxygen condition.It has a great application prospect in soil improvement.Previous studies showed that biochar,especially bamboo charcoal,had a good performance in controlling Fusarium wilt on a variety of crops.The authors summarized the research on the mechanisms for preventing and controlling Fusarium wilt by biochar as well as the factors affecting its efficacy.The review showed that biochar indirectly controlled Fusarium wilt by improving soil physical and chemical properties,regulating soil microecology and adsorbing Fusarium and Fusarium toxin.In addition,biochar induced crop immunity against Fusarium wilt and further changed the internal factors of crop resistance to this disease.Hence biochar could be a new green material to effectively control Fusarium wilt.The effects of biochar on controlling Fusarium wilt were quite different among crops.Meanwhile,the type of raw material,the pyrolysis temperature and applied biochar dose were also crucial to the actual efficacy of biochar in the field.Future research might delineate the metabolic pathways of biochar-induced immunity against Fusarium wilt with advanced molecular biology techniques,investigate the interaction of biochar,crops,soils and pathogens by multi-omics analysis,and further elucidate the underlying mechanisms for preventing and controlling Fusarium wilt using biochar.More efforts should be made on the study of specific biochar originating from bamboo and agricultural and forestry waste,which are abundant in nature and ready for sustainable utilization,so as to provide theoretical and technical support for industrial-scale production and applications.

关 键 词：生物炭 镰刀菌 枯萎病 免疫诱抗 

分 类 号：S432.4[农业科学—植物病理学]