生物标志物在海洋和湖泊古生态系统和生产力重建中的应用  

Application of biomarkers in reconstructing marine and lacustrine paleo-ecosystems and paleoproductivity:A review

作　　者：凌媛 王永[1] 王淑贤[3] 孙青[3] 李海兵[1,2] LING Yuan;WANG Yong;WANG Shuxian;SUN Qing;LI Haibing(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458,China;National Research Center for Geoanalysis,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京100037 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东广州511458 [3]国家地质实验测试中心,北京100037

出　　处：《地学前缘》2022年第2期327-342,共16页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0201);中国地质科学院地质研究所基本科研业务费项目(J2018);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20190370);国家自然科学基金项目(41877301)。

摘　　要：海洋和湖泊具有重要的气候环境和生态调节功能。研究地质历史时期海洋和湖泊生态系统的生物群落的组成、结构和演变,将为解决当前面临的环境问题,评估可持续发展提供科学依据。生物标志物具有生物专属性,提供了使我们能够从分子水平上研究地质历史中各种生物演变的工具。本文初步总结了海洋和湖泊生态系统中的生物标志物(烷烃、酸类、醇类、酮类、酯类、甾类、藿类、萜类和甘油四醚类等)的特征和来源。陆生高等植物来源的生物标志物,以长链的烷烃、脂肪酸、脂肪醇和木质素、萜类等较为常见;水生微藻来源的生物标志物有长链烯酮、烷基二醇和高度支链类异戊二烯类化合物(HBIs)等;微生物来源的生物标志物有细菌藿烷多元醇(BHPs)、异形胞糖脂和支链烷烃类等。今后结合生物标志物单体同位素分析和基因、蛋白质组学等现代分子生物学研究,加强不同生物标志物对应的生物种属的生态学研究,古今生态研究相结合,可以为某些生物标志物的分子来源研究提供新的可行途径。本文还综述了生物标志物指标在重建海洋和湖泊生态系统的组成、结构、生产力和营养状况方面的应用。未来的研究将偏向于从定性向定量化重建转变,在海洋研究中应用较成熟的指标将越来越多的被用于湖泊环境中。此外,多指标结合使用将提高重建古生态系统的可靠度。Oceans and lakes have profound regulatory effects on climate,environment and ecosystems.Understanding the composition,structure and evolution of marine and lake biomes of ecosystems in different geological periods can provide a scientific basis for solving the current environmental problems and assessing sustainable development.Biomarkers enable us to study the evolution of various organisms at the molecular level due to their biological specificity.This paper summarizes the characteristics and sources of biomarkers(alkanes,acids,alcohols,ketones,esters,steroids,hopanoids,terpenes and glycerol tetraethers,etc.)in marine and lacustrine ecosystems.Biomarkers derived from terrestrial higher plants include long-chain alkanes,fatty acids,fatty alcohols,lignin,terpenes,etc.,while derived from aquatic microalgae they include long-chain alkenones,alkyl diols,highly-branched isoprenoids(HBIs),etc.Biomarkers of microbial origin include bacteriohopanepolyols(BHPs),heterocyst glycolipids,branched alkanes,etc.In the future,biomarker analysis using compound-specific isotopes,combined with modern molecular biology studies,such as genomics and proteomics,ecological research on biological species corresponding to different biomarkers,and studying ancient and modern ecology jointly can provide a new feasible way for researching the molecular sources for certain biomarkers.This paper also rivews the application of biomarker indices in reconstructing the composition,structure,productivity and nutritional status of marine and lake ecosystems.Future research tends to shift from qualitative to quantitative reconstruction.More and more mature indices applied in oceans will be used in lacustrine environment.In addition,the combination of multiple indices will improve the reliability of reconstructing paleoecosystem.

关 键 词：生物标志物 古生态 古生产力 海洋 湖泊 

分 类 号：P52[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]