江仓矿区高加索三叶草引种试验  

INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENT OF CAUCASIAN CLOVER IN JIANGCANG MINING AREA IN QINGHAI PROVINCE

作　　者：贾萍 牟丹 陈善晶 曾心 王娟 谢久祥[1] 欧为友[2] JIA Ping(College of agriculture and animal husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining Qinghai 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省草原总站,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《青海草业》2022年第1期2-9,共8页Qinghai Prataculture

基　　金：青海省自然科学基金项目(2017-Z.J-733);国家自然科学基金项目(31760622)。

摘　　要：青藏高原气候严寒,不利于引种牧草的生长和越冬。高寒矿区植被恢复过程中,可选用牧草种类.稀少,且以禾本科牧草为主,需要豆科植物成分来提高群落的稳定性。本研究在江仓矿区引进高加索三叶草,为一种在耐寒、耐旱、耐涝和耐牧性方面均表现良好的根茎型豆科牧草。高加索三叶草在江仓矿区的主要引种表现为:高加索三叶草在江仓矿区越冬率很高,连续三年维持在93%以上,不能开花结实,但绿期长达165 d,比当地优势植物的绿期长20d以上。引种后三年内,高加索三叶草的冠幅、分蘖数、根茎数、地上生物量、地下生物量、轴根数、轴根长、轴根直径、侧根数、侧根长等表征其生长特性和无性繁殖特性的指标均显著增长;绝对高度、自然高度、地上茎直径、根茎直径、鲜干比和叶量比等指标保持稳定,三年内差异不显著;此外,引种后高加索三叶草的结瘤性能表现良好,其结瘤数随年份增加显著增长,且90%以上为有效根瘤,标志着其固氮性能良好。总之,引种到江仓矿区的三年内,高加索三叶草在植株生长特性、无性繁殖、结瘤、固碳和固氮等方面均表现良好,适合于在江仓矿区引种、扩繁。The climate of Qinghai Tibet Plateau is very cold,which is not conducive to the growth and overwintering of forages.In the process of vegetation restoration in alpine mining areas,there are few kinds of optional forages,and mainly gramineous forages.Legume components are needed to improve the stability of the restorated vegetation community.In this study,Caucasian clover,a rhizome legume forage with good performance to cold tolerance,drought tolerance,waterlogging tolerance and grazing tolerance,was introduced into Jiangcang mining area.The main introduction results of Caucasian clover in Jiangcang mining area were as follows:the Overwintering rate of Caucasian clover in Jiangcang mining area was very high,maintained at more than 93%for three consecutive years,and can not blossom and bear fruit,but the green period was about 165 days,which was more than 20 days longer than that of local dominant plants.Within three years after introduction,the crown width,number of tillers,number of rhizomes,aboveground biomass,underground biomass,number of axial roots,length of axial roots,diameter of axial roots,number of lateral roots and length of lateral roots of Caucasian clover increased significantly;Absolute height,natural height,aboveground stem diameter,rhizome diameter,fresh to dry ratio and leaf volume ratio of Caucasian clover remained stable,and there was no significant difference in three years;In addition,the nodulation performance of Caucasian clover after introduction was good,its nodulation years increase significantly,and more than 90%were effective root nodules,indicating its good nitrogen fixation performance.In short,within three years of introduction to Jiangcang mining area,Caucasian clover performed well in plant growth characteristics,asexual reproduction,nodulation,carbon and nitrogen fixation,which is suitable for introduction and propagation in Jiangcang mining area.

关 键 词：高寒矿区 植被修复 豆科牧草 高加索三叶草 无性繁殖 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]