从殖民主义到民族主义:殖民统治时期关于阿卜杜·卡德尔的历史记忆建构  

From Colonialism to Nationalism: The Construction of the Historical Memory of Abd el-Kader during the Colonial Period

作　　者：慈志刚[1] Ci Zhigang

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学世界史研究所

出　　处：《世界历史》2022年第1期28-41,I0003,共15页World History

摘　　要：阿卜杜·卡德尔是19世纪中东地区苏菲主义教团反殖民主义的代表人物,他领导了阿尔及利亚早期的抗法斗争,并进行了创建现代国家的努力。殖民主义和民族主义从不同的政治立场建构关于阿卜杜·卡德尔的历史记忆。在殖民主义历史叙事中,阿卜杜·卡德尔的形象经历了从传统的东方学叙事向服务于殖民统治的知识重建的转变,其本质是殖民霸权对殖民地社会历史文化的重塑与改造。在民族主义历史叙事中,关于阿卜杜·卡德尔的历史记忆经历了从民间传说到政治化的过程,并且在与殖民主义的政治互动中,成为民族主义话语的核心。殖民主义和民族主义在建构关于阿卜杜·卡德尔的历史记忆上,都经历了从个体回忆到集体回忆的演进,但二者在政治内涵上存在本质差异。殖民主义与民族主义对阿卜杜·卡德尔历史记忆建构的不同轨迹,恰好诠释了殖民地社会发生的最深层次变革,即西方殖民主义的衰落与本土民族意识的觉醒相伴发生的历史进程。Abd el-Kader is a representative figure of anti-colonialism of the Sufi order in the Middle East in the 19;century. He led the early anti-France struggle in Algeria and made efforts to create a modern state. Colonialism and nationalism have constructed the historical memory of Abd el-Kader from different political positions. In the historical narration of colonialism,the image of Abd el-Kader experienced a transformation from traditional oriental narrative to knowledge reconstruction serving the colonial rule. Its essence was the reconstruction and transformation of history and culture of the colonial society by the colonial hegemony. In the historical narratives of nationalism,the historical memory of Abd el-Kader experienced a process from folklore to politicisation and became the core of the national discourse in the political interaction with colonialism. Both colonialism and nationalism experienced the evolution from individual recollection to collective recollection in the construction of the historical memory of Abd el-Kader. Nationalist narrative was influenced by colonial narrative,but it turned in the narrative direction,which reflected the essential difference in the political connotation between them.The different tracks of the historical memory construction of Abd el-Kader by colonialism and nationalism precisely explained the deepest level of transformation in the colonial society,which was the historical process of the decline of the Western colonialism and the awakening of local national consciousness.

关 键 词：阿尔及利亚 阿卜杜·卡德尔 殖民主义 民族主义 历史记忆 

分 类 号：K415.4[历史地理—历史学]