利用、防范、妥协:占领期盟军对日本宗教行政机构改革  

Utilisation,Precaution and Compromise: The Reform of Japan’s Religious Administration Implemented by General Headquarters during the Occupation

作　　者：罗敏 Luo Min

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2022年第1期92-104,I0005,共14页World History

摘　　要：占领时期盟军对日本施行间接统治,通过日本官僚系统推行“非军事化”“民主化”改革,但改革实践证明将日本官僚当作技术工具加以利用的政策过于理想化。在宗教领域改革中,盟军最高司令官总司令部民间信息教育局对文部省宗务科实际上采取了利用与防范相结合的政策,在废除与保留宗务科之间多次反复,呈现“钟摆化”特点。间接统治对日本官僚虽然具有强制约束力,但占领政策与官僚自身利益相冲突,因此占领前期文部省官僚扮演了被动合作者的角色。占领后期受冷战格局影响,盟总与日本官僚的对立性减弱,民间信息教育局也做出妥协,面临被废除危机的文部省宗务科最终得以保留。The Allies ruled Japan indirectly during the Occupation and carried out demilitarisation and democratic reform through Japan’s bureaucracy. However,reform practices proved that it was too idealistic to take Japan’s bureaucrats as a technical tool. In the field of the religious reform,Civil Information and Education Section( CIE) of General Headquarters( GHQ) actually adopted a combined policy to utilise and prevent Religious Affairs Section of the Japanese Ministry of Education simultaneously. Whether to abolish or to keep the Religious Affairs Section changed several times,which appeared a characteristic of pendulum. Although indirect rule possessed a compulsive restriction,the occupation policy was in conflict with the interests of Japan’s bureaucrats. Therefore,bureaucrats of the Japanese Ministry of Education acted as a passive cooperator in the early stage of the Occupation. But the opposition between GHQ and Japan’s bureaucrats gradually became weak in the later stage,which was influenced by the Cold War. CIE also made a compromise. Eventually,Religious Affairs Section was preserved though it faced crises of abolishment.

关 键 词：战后日本 盟总 民间信息教育局 神道指令 宗教行政机构改革 

分 类 号：K153[历史地理—历史学] B929[历史地理—世界史] D731.3[哲学宗教—宗教学]