科学训练态度及训练参赛因素对跑步相关损伤的影响分析  

Effects of Scientific Training Attitude,Training and Competition on Running Related Injuries

作　　者：邢晓燕[1] 张若 王佳琬[3] 白健 XING Xiaoyan;ZHANG Ruo;WANG Jiawan;BAI Jian(Capital University of Physical Ed‐ucation and Sports,Beijing 100191,China;Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 102206,China;Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital,Cap‐ital Medical University,Beijing 100020,China)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院,北京100191 [2]中央财经大学,北京102206 [3]首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院,北京100020

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2022年第4期81-89,共9页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：北京社会科学基金研究基地项目(18JDYTB002);科技创新服务-高精尖学科建设(分类发展)(PXM2021_014206_00030)。

摘　　要：目的:探析科学训练态度以及训练参赛因素对跑步相关损伤(running related injuries,RRIs)发生和伤后痊愈的影响,旨在将科学训练态度纳入RRIs的发生和伤后痊愈模型。方法:采用横截面研究设计,方便样本,网络问卷调查。样本(n=11 149)为来自全国的业余跑者。使用多因素Logit回归进行模型分析。结果:1)发生RRIs并未降低跑者对跑步健康收益的感知,受伤后无法痊愈却会显著降低。2)超过90%的跑者认同科学训练,但是近50%的跑者不知道如何进行科学训练。这类跑者发生RRIs的概率高,受伤后不易康复。3)通过书籍学习跑步知识显著提升RRIs的痊愈概率。4)参赛数量、以参赛为跑步动机均为RRIs的危险因素。以参赛、创造个人最好成绩为跑步动机均不利于伤后痊愈。5)尽管有证据显示力量训练能够显著降低一般性运动损伤,力量训练是RRIs的危险因素,且不利于伤后痊愈。6)如无专业指导和评估,仅在训练时关注跑姿或者参加付费训练并不能降低RRIs,也无益于伤后康复。7)跑团成员的痊愈概率倾向高于非跑团成员。结论:样本年度RRIs发生率为61.9%,伤后痊愈率为66.7%。绝大多数跑者形成了科学训练的意识,然而跑姿、力量相关训练的防伤效果欠佳,甚至适得其反,亟需在推广科学训练理念的基础上切实普及科学跑步训练方法。建议:鼓励跑者通过跑步书籍学习、掌握跑步知识方法;突出跑步的健康益处,弱化跑步参赛和成绩;突出强调力量训练不当的危害性,进行科学力量训练的重要性,大力开发和普及切实有助于防止RRIs的跑步力量训练方法;鼓励跑者在专业指导下评估和纠正跑姿;充分发挥跑团在普及科学训练和伤后康复中的作用。Objective: To analyze the effects of scientific training attitude, training and competition on the occurrence and recovery of running related injuries(RRIs). This study’s unique contribution lies in the addition of scientific training attitude to the RRIs occurence model and RRIs recovery model. Methods: Cross-sectional design, convenient sample, online surveys were used.The sample(n=11 149) were amateur runners in China. Multi-factor Logit regressions were performed to analyze the models. Results: 1) RRIs by itself did not reduce the runner’s perception of the health benefits derived from running, but the inability to recover after RRIs significantly did so. 2) More than 90% of runners recognized the importance of scientific training, but nearly50% of runners did not know how to do it scientifically. These runners were more likely to get injured and less likely to recover from the injury. 3) Gaining running knowledge through books significantly improved the odds of injury recovery. 4) Number of races attended and race attendance as running motivation were RRIs risk factors. Both race attendance and pursuing personal best performance as running motivations were against the chance of injury recovery. 5) Although research indicates that strength training can significantly reduce general sport-related injuries, strength training was a risk factor for RRIs in this study and not conducive to injury recovery. 6) Without professional instruction and assessment and merely paying attention to running gait and participation in paid training sessions could not reduce the occurrence of RRIs,nor any good effect on injury recovery. 7) Injured runners who were running group members tended to have a higher chance of recovery than the non-members. Conclusions: The annual rate of RRIs was 61.9% in this sample and injury recovery rate was 66.7%. Although most runners were aware of the importance of scientific training, the effects of gait and strength training on RRIs prevention were less than satisfactory and even led to the o

关 键 词：马拉松 力量训练 跑步损伤 科学训练 多因素Logit回归 

分 类 号：G822[文化科学—体育训练]