《海牙判决公约》国家豁免问题的谈判与启示  

Negotiations of the HCCH 2019 Judgments Convention on State Immunity and Its Inspiration

作　　者：何其生[1] He Qisheng

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2022年第2期40-52,共13页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“国际私法视域下中国法域外适用的制度构建研究”(20&ZD202)资助的中期成果之一。

摘　　要：《承认与执行外国民商事判决公约》(《海牙判决公约》)适用于民商事判决的承认与执行,并未排除国家作为一方当事人的适用。公约不影响国家及其财产所享有的特权和豁免,国家相关判决最终能否得到执行取决于各缔约国在国家豁免上的立场,此规定客观上将增加国家相关判决在公约下被承认与执行的几率。公约不适用于武装力量活动和执法活动,其与驻军地位协定的关系值得中国关注。针对阿根廷等国的主权债务问题,公约排除了通过国家单边措施进行的主权债务重组。公约还允许缔约国就国家是一方当事人的判决进行声明,但此问题所涉国有企业的谈判意味着,中国与相关国家之间在国际贸易领域的博弈延伸至国际私法领域。The HCCH 2019 Judgments Convention applies to the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil or commercial matters, and does not exclude the judgments pertaining to a state, but nothing in the Convention shall affect privileges and immunities of states. The issue of whether the judgments pertaining to a state can be recognized and enforced depends on the national law on privileges and immunities of the states. However, such provisions will objectively increase the probability of the recognition and enforcement of the relevant judgments among restrictive immunity states. Moreover, the Convention does not apply to activities of armed forces and law enforcement activities, and its relationship with the status of forces agreements deserves China’s attention. For the sovereign debt of Argentina and other countries, the Convention excludes sovereign debt restructuring through unilateral state measures. Under the Convention, a state may declare that it does not apply this Convention to judgments arising from proceedings to which the state is a party. However, the negotiation on state-owned enterprises involved in this issue shows that the game between China and Western countries in the field of international trade has extended to the field of private international law.

关 键 词：海牙判决公约 国家豁免 国家相关判决 主权债务 国有企业 武装力量活动 执法活动 

分 类 号：D997[政治法律—国际法学]