2018年长江武汉段沿岸钉螺螺情分析  

Analysis on Oncomelania snails conditions along Wuhan section of Yangtze River in 2018

作　　者：张佳京 王浩[1] 李洋[1] 罗华堂[1] 熊月琳 左玉婷 徐明星[1] ZHANG Jia-jing;WANG Hao;LI Yang;LUO Hua-tang;XIONG Yue-lin;ZUO Yu-ting;XU Ming-xing(Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hubei 420020,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉市疾病预防控制中心,湖北420020

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2022年第1期18-20,共3页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：湖北省卫生与计划生育委员会科研资助项目(WJ2019X001)。

摘　　要：目的掌握长江武汉段沿岸钉螺螺情分布特点,为制定精准防治策略和措施提供依据。方法收集2018年长江武汉段沿岸钉螺调查数据,分析不同江岸、流行类型和环境的钉螺螺情。结果50个调查环境中94%发现有钉螺,查螺63934框,未发现感染性钉螺,有螺框出现率1.62%,捕获钉螺2259个,钉螺密度0.035个/0.11 m^(2),活螺数1726个,钉螺死亡率23.59%。北岸有螺环境比例高于南岸(χ^(2)=7.447,P<0.05),北岸有螺框出现率高于南岸(χ^(2)=68.336,P<0.05),北岸钉螺死亡率高于南岸(χ^(2)=11.259,P<0.05),钉螺密度北岸高于南岸。垸外钉螺死亡率高于垸内(χ^(2)=10.507,P<0.01),钉螺密度垸外高于垸内。钉螺环境数由高到低依次为江滩26个(52.00%)、防浪林13个(26.00%)、沟渠8个(16.00%)、其他环境3个(6.00%),防浪林有螺框出现率最高,为3.54%;江滩钉螺死亡率最高,为26.84%。钉螺密度从高到底依次为防浪林、其他、江滩、沟渠。结论长江武汉段沿岸钉螺防控应继续结合江滩建设和农业水利工程改造钉螺孳生环境,及时开展查灭螺和清理防浪林植被工作,科学硬化垸内沟渠和定期清淤维护,落实精准防控措施,防止螺情反弹。Objective To grasp the distribution characteristics of Oncomelania snails along Wuhan section of Yangtze River,and to provide the basis for formulating precision control measures in Wuhan.Methods The survey data of Oncomelania snails along Wuhan section of Yangtze River in 2018 were collected,and the conditions of Oncomelania snails for different riverbanks,epidemic types and environments were analyzed.Results Oncomelania snails epidemic was found in 94%of 50 environments,63934 snails of Oncomelania snails were dissected,and no infected Oncomelania snail was found.There occurrence rate of Oncomelania snail frames hit 1.62%,2259 Oncomelania snails with the snail density of 0.035/0.11 m^(2) were captured,and the number of live Oncomelania snails were 1726,and the snail mortality rate was 23.59%.The rate of environments with Oncomelania snails in the north riverbank was higher than that in the south riverbank(χ^(2)=7.447,P<0.05),the rate of framed Oncomelania snails in the north riverbank was higher than that in the south bank(χ^(2)=68.336,P<0.05),the mortality rate of Oncomelania snails in the north riverbank was higher than that in the south riverbank(χ^(2)=11.259,P<0.05),and the density of Oncomelania snails in the north riverbank was higher than that in the south.The mortality of Oncomelania snails outside the embankment was higher than that in inside the embankment(χ^(2)=10.507,P<0.01),and the density of Oncomelania snails outside the embankment were higher than that inside the embankment.The number of environments with Oncomelania snails from high to low in turn were 26 river beaches(52.00%),13 wavebreak forests(26.00%),8 ditches(16.00%)and other environments 3(6.00%).The highest occurrence rate was 3.54%in wavebreak forests,the mortality rate of Oncomelania snails in river beaches was highest,hitting 26.84%.The density of Oncomelania snails from high to bottom was ranked as follows:wavebreak forests,others,river beaches and ditches.Conclusion It is required to further combine with river beaches constructi

关 键 词：钉螺 血吸虫病 长江 武汉市 分布特点 

分 类 号：R184.38[医药卫生—流行病学] R532.21[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]