抗战时期中梵建交问题研究  

A Study of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between China and the Vatican during the War of Resistance

作　　者：侯中军[1,2] Hou Zhongjun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院 [2]中国社会科学院近代史研究所

出　　处：《抗日战争研究》2022年第1期39-51,M0003,共14页Studies of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"哥伦比亚大学图书馆藏顾维钧档案整理与研究"(19ZDA222);国家社会科学基金重点项目"顾维钧抗战外交档案的整理与研究"(18AZS015)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中梵建交一波三折。九一八事变后,包括宗教界在内的各界人士出于对中国抗战大局的考虑,曾多次向国民政府建议中梵建交。相较于晚清以来的两次建交尝试,此时呼吁中梵建交固然与国民政府全力争取外援的抗日战略一致,但大背景已经改变,废约运动的兴起成为影响国民政府考虑与梵蒂冈建交的重要因素。外交部在分析利弊得失后,认为时机尚未成熟,没有把中梵建交事宜提上日程。七七事变爆发后,抗日救亡成为压倒一切的任务,国民政府虽然仍存顾虑,但总体上倾向尽快与梵蒂冈建交,并实质性启动了建交通使的准备。不过,这一次由于梵蒂冈态度消极,建交问题再次搁置。太平洋战争爆发后,国际反法西斯联盟正式成立,为抵消日梵建交的影响,在美英等国的压力下,中梵建交一事终获解决。The establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Vatican experienced many twists and turns.After the September 18th Incident,personages of all circles,including religious circles,repeatedly suggested the Nationalist government to establish diplomatic relations with the Vatican in consideration of the overall situation of China's War of Resistance.Compared with the two attempts since the late Qing dynasty,the calls for establishing diplomatic relations with the Vatican at the time were consistent with the Anti-Japanese strategy of striving for foreign aid.However,the background had changed,and the rise of the abolition movement had become an important factor affecting the Nationalist government to consider establishing diplomatic ties with the Vatican.After analyzing the pros and cons,the Ministry of Foreign Affairs thought the time was not ripe and had not put the problem on the agenda.After the outbreak of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident,the resistance against Japanese aggression and national salvation became an overwhelming task.Although the Nationalist government still had some concerns,it generally tended to establish diplomatic ties with the Vatican as soon as possible and substantially started the preparations for establishing relations and sending an envoy.However,due to the negative attitude of the Vatican,the problem was laid aside again.After the outbreak of the Pacific War,the International Anti-Fascist Alliance was formally established.In order to offset the impact of the establishment of diplomatic ties between Japan and the Vatican,under the pressure of the USA and the UK,the problem was finally resolved.

关 键 词：罗马教廷 梵蒂冈 顾维钧 中梵建交 陆征祥 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学] K547[历史地理—中国史] D829[政治法律—政治学]