某市生活饮用水中10种金属污染物含量及其健康风险初步评价  

Assessment on the levels and health risks of 10 heavy metals in a city’s drinking water

作　　者：陈祝军[1] 钱志荣[1] 秦园 吴梅[1] 吴建兵[1] CHEN Zhu-jun;QIAN Zhi-rong;QIN Yuan;WU Mei;WU Jian-bing(Zhangjiagang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiangsu215600,China)

机构地区：[1]张家港市疾病预防控制中心,江苏215600

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2022年第4期361-364,369,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：张家港市科技支撑计划(社会发展)(ZKS1921)。

摘　　要：目的分析某市生活饮用水中铝、铬(六价)、锰、镍、砷、硒、镉、锑、汞、铅10种金属污染物的含量,并评价其对人体的健康风险。方法 2020年按照《江苏省农村生活饮用水卫生监测工作方案》及某市的人口分布密度程度和市政管网分布设置监测点,监测点覆盖市政管网。采集出厂水、末梢水、二次供水进行检测分析,并采用健康风险评价方法进行评价。结果某市10种金属污染物浓度均符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》GB 5749—2006的要求,合格率100%。居民经饮水途径的非致癌风险为0.108,处于可接受范围内。居民经饮水途径的致癌总风险为3.64×10^(-5),介于10^(-4);~10^(-6),存在致癌风险;经饮水途径的致癌风险顺序为镍>砷>铬(六价)>镉,非致癌风险顺序为锑>砷>铅>硒>汞>镍>铬(六价)>镉>铝>锰。出厂水、末梢水、二次供水3种类型饮用水中金属污染物的危害商和致癌风险差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.12、1.46,P>0.05),第三季度致癌风险高于其他3个季度,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=28.77,P<0.05)。结论某市生活饮用水中10种金属污染物含量存在一定健康风险,但在可接受范围内。Objective To analyze the level of 10 metal contaminants in aluminium(Al),chromium(hexavalent),manganese, nickel, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, antimony, mercury in drinking water of a city and to assess their potential health risks.Methods In 2020,monitoring points were set up according to the Jiangsu Rural Drinking Water Health Monitoring Program and the degree of population distribution density and the distribution of municipal pipe network in a city, and the monitoring points covered the municipal pipe network.Results All of the concentrations of ten metal pollutants in drinking water met the requirements of Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water GB 5749—2006,the standard compliance rate was 100%.The non-carcinogenic risk value of residents via water route was 0.108,which was within the acceptable range.The total carcinogenesis risk value of residents via drinking water route was 3.64×10^(-5),ranging from 10^(-4) to 10^(-6),indicating carcinogenic risk.The order of carcinogenic risk through drinking water route was nickel>arsenic>chromium(hexavalent)>cadmium, and the order of non-carcinogenic risk was antimony>arsenic>lead>selenium>mercury>nickel>chromium(hexavalent)>cadmium>aluminum>manganese.The differences in the hazard quotient and carcinogenic risk of metal contaminants in the 3 types of drinking water: factory water, final water and secondary water supply were not statistically significant(χ^(2)=2.12,1.46,P>0.05).The carcinogenic risk was higher in the 3 rd quarter than in the other 3 quarters and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=28.77,P<0.05).Conclusion There are some health risks associated with the levels of 10 metals contaminants in the drinking water of a city, but they are within the acceptable range.

关 键 词：生活饮用水 卫生指标 污染 致癌性 健康风险 评价 

分 类 号：R123.9[医药卫生—环境卫生学]