3种常用检测技术在青海省海西州动物间鼠疫疫情判定中的应用  

Application of three commonly used detection techniques in determining plague epidemic situation among animals in Haixi Prefecture, Qinghai Province

作　　者：张爱萍[1] 游培松 王梅[1] 多杰昂欠 赵小龙[1] 杜兆军 田富彰[1] 祁美英[1] 杨永海[1] 于守鸿 ZHANG Ai-ping;YOU Pei-song;WANG Mei;Duojieangqian;ZHAO Xiao-long;DU Zhao-jun;TIAN Fu-zhang;QI Mei-ying;YANG Yong-hai;YU Shou-hong(Qinghai Institute far Endemic Disease Prevention and Control,Xining 810021,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省地方病预防控制所,西宁810021

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2022年第4期379-381,共3页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：国家卫生健康委员会鼠疫防治研究重点实验室(共建)项目(2019PT310004);青海省鼠疫防控及研究重点实验室(2021-ZJ-Y15);青海省卫生健康系统适宜技术推广项目(2021-wjtg-04)。

摘　　要：目的评价3种常用实验室检测技术在动物间鼠疫疫情判定中的应用情况。方法将2020年青海省海西州发生动物间鼠疫疫情期间捡获的1匹自毙喜马拉雅旱獭及10匹寄生蚤作为被检材料,分别通过鼠疫细菌培养、鼠疫反相间接血细胞凝集试验(reverse indirect hemagglutination assay, RIHA)、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)进行检测,比较分析试验结果的差异。结果经RIHA检测,鼠疫F1抗原滴度为1∶160~1∶5 120,结果均阳性,阳性率为100.00%。细菌培养的阳性率为66.67%,PCR检测的阳性率为73.33%,二者差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.159,P>0.05)。结论在动物鼠疫疫情判定中,分离出鼠疫菌是鼠疫诊断的金标准,但鼠疫细菌培养的阳性率不高,尤其是腐败材料。RIHA与PCR检测仅一项结果阳性并不能判定鼠疫,必须参考其他试验结果。所以,在实际工作中应根据实验室现有条件,同时使用几种检测方法,以防漏诊,延误鼠疫疫情的判定。Objective To evaluate the applications of three commonly used laboratory detection techniques in determining plague epidemic among animals.Methods A self-killed Marmota himalayana and its 10 parasitic fleas acquired during the outbreak of animal plague in Haixi Prefecture, Qinghai Province in 2020 selected as tested materials and tested by plague bacterial culture, reverse indirect hemagglutination assay(RIHA),and polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and the differences of test results were comparatively analyzed.Results RIHA test showed that the titer of plague F1 antigen ranged from 1∶160 to 1∶5 120,and all the results were positive with a positive rate of 100.00%.The positive rate of bacteria culture and PCR was 66.67% and 73.33%,respectively, there was no significant difference between the results of bacteria culture and PCR(χ^(2)=0.159,P>0.05).Conclusion Hen the epidemic situation of plague among animals is determined, bacterial culture is considered to be the golden standard for plague diagnosis, while the positive rate of bacterial culture is not high, especially for corrupt materials.Only one positive test from RIHA and PCR is not qualified for determining plague, hence other test results must be referred to.Therefore, the test methods should be used simultaneously in practical work on the basis of existing laboratory conditions to prevent leakage diagnosis and delay the determination on the epidemic situation of the plague.

关 键 词：青海省 动物间鼠疫 疫情 判定 细菌培养 反相间接血细胞凝集试验 PCR 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]