2016—2019年广州市鼠传疾病流行特征分析  

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of rodent borne diseases in Guangzhou from 2016 to 2019

作　　者：陈海燕[1] 陈守义[1] 许聪辉[1] 张豪[1] 徐建敏[1] 任文锋[1] 魏跃红[1] CHEN Hai-yan;CHEN Shou-yi;XU Cong-hui;ZHANG Hao;XU Jian-min;REN Wen-feng;WEI Yue-hong(Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangdong510440,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心,广东510440

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2022年第3期226-229,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：广州市医学重点学科(2021-2023-11);广州市科技计划项目(202102080035)。

摘　　要：目的分析2016—2019年广州市鼠传疾病监测数据,掌握鼠传疾病发生情况及流行特征,为制定鼠传疾病防控策略提供科学依据。方法收集2016—2019年广州市报告的常见鼠传疾病病例资料,采用描述性流行病学方法探讨鼠传疾病的流行病学特征。结果2016—2019年广州市报告鼠疫、肾综合征出血热、钩体病、恙虫病4种常见鼠传疾病病例3847例,4年间其发病率呈现稳中有降的趋势,其平均发病率分别为0/10万、0.97/10万、0.03/10万、5.76/10万。3847例鼠传疾病病例中,男性2003例、女性1844例。出血热、钩体病、恙虫病男女性别比分别为2.8∶1、1.67∶1及0.94∶1。出血热病例中家务及待业者最多,占32.12%;其次为商业服务者(22.50%)及农民工(19.06%)。钩体病病例中离退人员占比最多,为31.25%;其次为农民工,占18.75%。恙虫病病例中农民工占比超过半数,为57.65%;其次为家务及待业者,占21.86%。结论广州市鼠传疾病疫情整体呈现稳中有降的趋势,钩体发病率维持在较低水平,恙虫病发病率较高。在鼠传疾病中应加大对恙虫病的防控力度。Objective To grasp the occurrence details and epidemiological characteristics of rodent borne diseases by analyzing the surveillance data of such rodent borne diseases in Guangzhou,and to provide the scientific method for prevention and control of rodent borne diseases.Methods The data of rodent borne disease cases reported in Guangzhou from 2016 to 2019 were collected,and descriptive epidemiological method was used to explore the epidemiological characteristics of such diseases.Results A total of 3847 cases of 4 common rodent borne diseases involving the plague,hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,leptospirosis and scrub typhus from 2016 to 2019 were reported in Guangzhou,the incidence rate remained with slight decline during 4 years,and mean incidence was 0/100000,0.97/100000,0.03/100000 and 5.76/100000 respectively.In the 3847 patients with rodent borne diseases,there were 2003 male patients and 1844 female patients.The male-female sex ratio of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,leptospirosis and scrub typhus was 2.8∶1,1.67∶1 and 0.94∶1 respectively.In the patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,the percent of housework and unemployed was maximum,accounting for 32.12%,followed by commercial service workers(22.50%)and rural migrant workers(19.06%).In leptospirosis patients,retirees accounted for 31.25%;followed by rural migrant workers,accounting for 18.75%.The percent of rural migrant workers in patients with scrub typhus is greater than the hafl,being 57.65%,and the followed by te housework and unemployed,accounting for 21.86%.Conclusion The prevalence of rodent borne diseases in Guangzhou is stable with a slight decline,the incidence of leptospirosis remains being at a low level,and the incidence of scrub typhus is high.The prevention and control over the scrub typhus should be strengthened.

关 键 词：鼠传疾病 流行特征 鼠疫 肾综合征出血热 钩体病 恙虫病 广州市 分析 

分 类 号：R181.81[医药卫生—流行病学] R183[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]