2015—2019年乌鲁木齐市甲型病毒性肝炎流行病学调查分析  

Epidemiological investigation and analysis of viral hepatitis A in Urumqi from 2015 to 2019

作　　者：王培生[1] 尹钰 邹莹 李新凤[1] 玛依努尔·阿不都克里木 曹伟 梁静 WANG Pei-sheng;YIN Yu;ZOU Ying;LI Xin-feng;Maynur·Abuduklim;CAO Wei;LIANG Jing(Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xinjiang 830026,China)

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心,新疆830026 [2]武汉大学健康学院

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2022年第3期243-245,249,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：乌鲁木齐市卫生计生委科技计划项目(201828)。

摘　　要：目的分析2015—2019年乌鲁木齐市甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)流行病学特征,了解2~6岁儿童甲肝疫苗接种情况及甲肝抗体水平,为完善该市免疫规划工作策略提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学研究的方法对2015—2019年乌鲁木齐市甲肝病例的流行学特征进行描述和分析。在七区一县抽取2~6岁健康常住儿童进行甲肝血清流行病学调查,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunoadsordent assay, ELISA)检测甲肝IgG抗体,分析抗体阳性率。结果 2015—2019年乌鲁木齐市共报告甲肝病例1 142例,年平均发病率为6.41/10万,发病率呈逐年下降趋势(χ^(2)=41.784,P<0.05)。2 246名2~6岁健康儿童甲肝疫苗接种率为98.53%,各区(县)接种率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=29.557,P<0.05);抗体阳性率为79.16%,各区(县)抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15.766,P<0.05),不同年龄组间抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.825,P<0.05),不同性别、不同民族间抗体阳性率差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.439、2.643,P<0.05)。结论 2015—2019年乌鲁木齐市甲肝发病率逐年降低,适龄儿童甲肝疫苗接种率较高,2~6岁儿童抗体阳性率较高,群体免疫屏障较牢固。Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis A(hepatitis A) in Urumqi from 2015 to 2019,and to understand the situation of hepatitis A vaccination and the level of hepatitis A antibody in 2-6 years old children in Urumqi, and to provide the basis for improving the strategy of the immunization program in Urumqi.Methods The epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A cases in Urumqi from 2015 to 2019 were described and analyzed using the method of descriptive epidemiology.Healthy resident children aged 2-6 years in seven districts and one county were selected for a seroepidemiological survey of hepatitis A.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect IgG antibody of hepatitis A and analyze the antibody positivity rate.Results A total of 1 142 cases of hepatitis A were reported in Urumqi from 2015 to 2019,with an average annual incidence rate of 6.41/100 000.The incidence rate showed a downward trend year by year(χ^(2)=41.784,P<0.05).The hepatitis A vaccination rate of 2 246 healthy children aged 2-6 years old was 98.53%,and the difference in vaccination rate among different districts(counties) was statistically significant(χ^(2)=29.557,P<0.05);the positive rate of antibody was 79.16%,and the difference between districts(counties) was statistically significant(χ^(2)=15.766,P<0.05).The difference in antibody-positive rate among different age groups was statistically significant(χ^(2)=10.825,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the positive rate of antibodies between different genders and different nationalities(χ^(2)=0.439,2.643,P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence rate of hepatitis A decreases year by year from 2015 to 2019 in Urumqi.The coverage rate of hepatitis A vaccine among school-age children is high, and the population immune barrier is strong.

关 键 词：甲型病毒性肝炎 发病率 监测 流行病学特征 分析 免疫规划 接种率 

分 类 号：R512.61[医药卫生—内科学]