豫北方言内部子变韵的分布格局及其成因——兼论零形式子变韵的演变过程  

The Distribution Pattern of the Zi(子)Changed Final in the Inner Part of Each Dialect in North Henan and Its Causes:on the Evolution of the Zi(子)Changed Final with Zero Form

作　　者：史艳锋 Shi Yanfeng(Jiangsu Normal University)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学文学院

出　　处：《励耘语言学刊》2021年第2期130-142,共13页

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“中原占都城市圈今官话、普语的深度调查与语料库建设研究”(21BYY075)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：子变韵是子尾参与合音的变韵,豫北晋语区孟州、济源、博爱、武陟、辉县、淇县话-a■-■类基本韵母不存在与其不同型的子变韵母,中原官话区郑州、开封话-an-■n-a■-■类基本韵母同样没有与其不同型的子变韵母。基于子变韵分布格局的地域差异,同时结合先期方言内子尾在各类韵母后分布的均衡性考量,我们认为鼻韵母若无与其不同型的子变韵母,应系零形式变韵。子变韵在演变过程中一般先后经历结合式子变韵阶段和化合式子变韵阶段。化合式子变韵一般形成次序为:基本韵母为-i尾韵的快于-n尾韵的,-n尾韵的快于-■尾韵的,低元音韵腹韵母快于同韵尾的中、高元音韵腹韵母。郑州、开封、淇县等地鼻韵母对应的子变韵由于没能有效从结合式子变韵进一步发展成化合式子变韵,致使结合式子变韵尾部逐渐磨损失去,成为长音子变韵,最终演变为零形式变韵。变韵方言中-ou-au类基本韵母若无对应的与其不同型的子变韵母,也系零形式变韵。Zi(子)changed final is a kind of changed final with zi-suffix(子尾)participating in fusion.And neither the basic finals of-ag and-ag in Mengzhou,Jiyuan,Bo'ai,Wuzhi,Huixian and Qixian around Jin dialect areas in North Henan nor the basic finals of-an-gn-ag and-og in Zhengzhou and Kaifeng around Zhongyuan Mandarin areas have the corresponding zi(子)changed finals different from their basic forms.Based on the regional differences of the distribution pattern of zi(子)changed final,and combined with the equitable consideration of the distribution of zi-suffix(子尾)after various finals in the previous dialects,we may reasonably come to the conclusion that if there are no zi(子)changed finals different from their basic forms,the nasal finals should be the changed finals with zero form.In the evolution process,zi(子)changed final generally went through the phase of zi(子)changed final with connection type and mingled type.The zi(子)changed final with mingled type generally formed the order as follows:the basic finals with syllabic ending of"i"were faster than those of"n",the finals with syllabic ending of"n"were faster than those of"■",and the finals with low main vowel were faster than those with medium or high main vowel.In Zhengzhou,Kaifeng,Qixian and other places,since the zi(子)changed final corresponding to the nasal basic final failed to effectively develop from the connection type to the mingled type,it caused the syllabic ending of zi(子)changed final with connection type gradually wore out later and become the prolonged sound one.Finally it evolved into the zero form one.In addition,if the basic finals of-ou and have no corresponding zi(子)changed finals different form their basic forms,they also belong to the changed finals with zero form.

关 键 词：子变韵 分布格局 鼻韵母 零形式子变韵 演变 成因 

分 类 号：H172.1[语言文字—汉语]