从“东西”语义场主导词的兴替演变看方言词汇层次的复杂性  

On the complexity of dialect vocabulary from the evolution of the leading words in the semantic field of Things

作　　者：张海媚[1] 张鹏宇 Zhang Haimei;Zhang Pengyu(Academic Publishing Center of Henan Polytechnic University;School of Liberal Arts and Law of Henan Polytechnic University)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学文法学院 [2]河南理工大学学术出版中心

出　　处：《励耘语言学刊》2021年第2期197-212,共16页

基　　金：河南省高等学校哲学社会科学基础重大项目(项冃编号:2022-JCZD-31);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划项目(项目编号:2021GGJS054);河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划(人文社科类)项目(项目编号:2020-cx-026)的资助。

摘　　要：方言的词汇层次是不同时期的词汇现象叠置在同一共时平面的产物,具有复杂多样性,这从“东西”语义场成员的共时地理分布即可窥之一斑。表{things}义,方言中有“东西、物事、物件(儿)、物(儿)、家伙、乇、嘢”等词,其中“东西”自明清及今均为通语词,使用于大江南北是常用词竞争更替的结果“物事”历史层次为中古,本为通语词,清末降格为方言词,多用于吴语文献中,和今天主要用于吴方言相契合,但是“物件、家伙”的历史层次均为近代,则分别主要使用在闽语和湘语中;“物件、物、乇”的历史层次不同,然而均主要分布在闽语中;“乇、嘢”同属方言俗字或音借字,却系不同方言的特征词。造成这一复杂性的原因有三:1.词汇的历史演变;2.移民带来的语言接触;3.方言的自我创新。The lexical level of dialects is the product of the overlapping of lexical phenom-ena in different periods on the same synchronic plane,it has complex diversity,which can be seen from the geographical distribution of the members of the semantic field of things.Meaning words of things,there are"Dongxi,Wushi,Wujian(er),Wu(er),Jiahuo,Tuo,Ye"and other words in dialects.Among them,"Dongxi"has been a common language word since Ming and Qing Dynasties and now,and its use in the north and south of the river is the result of competition and replacement of common words;the historical level of"Fushi"is in the middle ancient times,which was originally a general word,and was reduced to a dialect word in the late Qing Dynasty,which was mostly used in Wu language documents."Wujian,Wu and Tuo"have different historical levels,but they are mainly distributed in Min dialect today."Tuo"and"Ye"belong to common words or borrowed words in dialects,but they belong to dialect characteristic words of min and Yue respectively Separately.There are three reasons for this complexity:1.The historical evolution of vocabulary;2.Language contact brought by immigration;3.Dialect self innovation.

关 键 词：“东西”语义场 主导词 历史演变 词汇层次 复杂性 原因 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]