天津平原区加油站地下水石油烃污染特征及其生物降解机理研究  

. Pollution characteristics and biodegradation mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbons in gas station groundwater in the Tianjin Plain

作　　者：刘学娜 李海明[1,2] 李梦娣 章卫华 肖瀚[1,2] LIU Xuena;LI Haiming;LI Mengdi;ZHANG Weihua;XIAO Han(Laboratory of Coastal Groundwater Utilization&Protection,Tianjin University of Science&Technology,Tianjin 300457,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology(TUST),Ministry of Education,Tianjin 300457,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学滨海地下水利用与保护实验室,天津300457 [2]海洋化学资源与食品技术教育部重点实验室,天津300457 [3]中山大学广东省环境污染控制与修复技术重点实验室,广东广州510275

出　　处：《地学前缘》2022年第3期227-238,共12页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42072288);广东省环境污染控制与修复技术重点实验室开放基金项目(2020K0002)。

摘　　要：加油站地下水中石油烃污染是较为普遍的现象,本文对研究区位于不同水文地质条件的加油站地下水进行取样分析,分析加油站地下水中石油烃的污染特征和地下水化学类型特征,并运用因子分析、相关性分析和多元回归分析揭示加油站地下水中石油烃潜在的生物降解机制。研究结果表明,地下水化学类型主要可划分为Cl-Na型、HCO_(3)-Na型、HCO_(3)-Ca型和SO_(4)-Na型4类。加油站地下水中石油烃的检出率为85.71%,检出浓度为0.02~0.35 mg/L。因子分析结果表明影响地下水化学组成的因素主要以水岩相互作用和石油烃的生物降解为主。TPH与地下水化学指标间的相关关系表明:TPH与K^(+)、Na^(+)、Cl^(-)、Mn、Mg^(2+)、SO_(4)^(2-)呈现负相关的关系,与pH值、HCO_(3)^(-)、NO_(3)^(-)、NO_(2)^(-)、Ca^(2+)、Fe不存在显著的相关关系。加油站地下水环境中可能存在嗜盐或耐盐微生物,导致随着盐度的升高,总石油烃(total petroleum hydrocarbon,TPH)生物降解率加快,TPH浓度呈现出降低的趋势。微生物利用电子受体(SO_(4)^(2-)、Mn、NO_(3)^(-)、Fe)降解TPH的过程中,电子受体的贡献率为:铁还原(64.88%)>锰还原(24.86%)>硫酸根还原(5.78%)>硝酸盐还原(4.46%),即加油站地下水中铁锰还原菌的石油烃生物降解为优势反应。Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution in gas station groundwater is a common phenomenon.This study sought to sample and analyze gas station groundwater under various hydrogeological conditions to determine the pollution characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbon in gas station groundwater and the characteristics of groundwater chemical types.Factor analysis,correlation analysis,and multiple regression analysis were used to reveal the potential biodegradation mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbon in gas station groundwater.According to the results,groundwater chemicals can be mainly divided into four types:Cl-Na,HCO_(3)-Na,HCO_(3)-Ca,and SO_(4)-Na types.The detection rate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the groundwater was 85.71%,and the detection concentration range was 0.02-0.35 mg/L.Factor analysis revealed that the main factors affecting the chemical composition of groundwater were water-rock interaction and biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons.The correlation between TPH and groundwater chemical indexes showed that the total petroleum hydrocarbon(TPH)was negatively correlated with K^(+),Na^(+),Cl^(-),Mn,Mg^(2+),and SO_(4)^(2-),but not significantly correlated with pH,HCO_(3)^(-),NO_(3)^(-),NO_(2)^(-),Ca^(2+),and Fe.Halophilic or salt-tolerant microorganisms might also be present in the gas station groundwater environment,which accelerates the TPH biodegradation rate as TPH concentration decreases with increasing salinity.In the microorganism degradation of TPH using electron acceptors(SO_(4)^(2-),Mn,NO_(3)^(-),Fe),the contribution percentage of electron acceptors were ranked as iron reduction(64.88%)>manganese reduction(24.86%)>sulfate reduction(5.78%)>nitrate reduction(4.46%).Thus,the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by Fe-Mg-reducing bacteria in gas station groundwater is the dominant reaction.

关 键 词：加油站 地下水 石油烃 生物降解 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]