美国“奥斯卡级创新”获奖组织合作网络演化研究——基于1979—2020年R&D100获奖数据  

Research on the Organizational Cooperation Network of the US“Oscar-Level Innovation”Awarded Organization——Based on the R&D 100 Awards Data from 1979 to 2020

作　　者：杨超 Yang Chao(School of Public Policy and Management,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;School of Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学公共管理学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学安全工程学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2022年第4期157-167,共11页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金资助项目“新型举国体制下预备级国家实验室组织模式创新研究”(2020M671657)。

摘　　要：本文借助1979—2020年世界研发百强奖的获奖数据,探讨美国“奥斯卡级创新”获奖组织构成的国家创新系统顶级梯队演化过程,重点解析以联邦实验室为中心的公共创新集群生态模式,为中国社会科技奖和科研机构改革提供参考建议。研究发现:40年来美国企业研发机构与政府科研机构获奖数呈现“中轴对称”关系;美国“奥斯卡级创新”获奖组织以政府科研机构为主,最为突出的是以联邦实验室为中心的公共创新集群,即使是规模较小的实验室也形成了成熟的合作社区;公共创新集群形成了“多政府部门资助与实验室项目分区管理”的运作模式、“合同企业轮换托管联邦实验室”的组织互嵌托管模式和“非营利组织-大学-联邦实验室”联盟重组企业协作托管模式三种合作生态。Based on the R&D 100 awards data from 1979 to 2020,this article discusses the evolution trend of the organization cooperation network of the“Oscar-level innovation”awarded organization in recent 40 years,focusing on the analysis of the public innovation cluster ecological model centered on the U.S.federal laboratory,and provides reference suggestions for the reform of social awards on science and technology and the reforms of scientific research institutions in China.It is found that the number of awards by American enterprise R&D institutions and government research institutions in recent 40 years shows a“central axisymmetric”relationship.The Oscar-level innovation awarded organizations in the United States are mainly government research institutions,and the most prominent is the public innovation cluster centered on federal laboratories.Even small laboratories have formed mature cooperative communities.The public innovation cluster has formed three cooperative ecosystems:the operation mode of“multi-government department funding and laboratory project zoning management”,the organization embedded trusteeship mode of“contract enterprise rotation trusteeship federal laboratory”and the enterprise collaborative trusteeship mode of“non-profit organization-university-Federal Laboratory”alliance reorganization.

关 键 词：国家创新系统 合作网络 公共创新集群 国家实验室 

分 类 号：G311[文化科学]