风化壳淋积型稀土矿闭矿场铵盐淋出液脱氮研究进展  

Research Progress on Denitrification of Ammonia Salt Solution Leached from Weathered Crust Elution-deposited Rare Earth Tailings

作　　者：邓祥意 张臻悦[1,2] 池汝安 肖春桥[3] 胡锦刚 张秋桐 DENG Xiangyi;ZHANG Zhenyue;CHI Ru′an;XIAO Chunqiao;HU Jin′gang;ZHANG Qiutong(School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430073,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials,Guangzhou 510640,China;School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学资源与安全工程学院,湖北武汉430073 [2]广东省矿物物理与材料研究开发重点实验室,广东广州510640 [3]武汉工程大学环境生态与生物工程学院,湖北武汉430205

出　　处：《金属矿山》2022年第4期1-12,共12页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2018YFC1801802);广东省科技计划项目(编号:2020B1212060055);武汉工程大学青年科学基金项目(编号:19QD58)。

摘　　要：风化壳淋积型稀土矿是我国重要战略性矿产资源,以铵盐为浸取剂的稀土浸出工艺导致大量氨氮残留于闭矿场,易随水体迁移造成氨氮污染,对闭矿场铵盐淋洗液进行脱氮是修复稀土矿山氨氮污染的有效方法。综述了物理化学脱氮方法及其原理,其中吹脱法、膜处理法、湿式氧化法和化学沉淀法适用于较高浓度氨氮废水的预处理,离子交换法和折点氯化法适用于较低浓度氨氮废水的处理,可采用不同物理化学脱氮工艺组合的方法实现稀土闭矿场淋出废水的脱氮处理,但物理化学方法普遍成本偏高,易造成二次污染。介绍了传统生物脱氮工艺,主要包括三段活性污泥、A/O与A^(2)/O、SBR工艺及生物膜法,传统生物脱氮具有成本低廉、环境友好等显著优点,但脱氮工艺流程较复杂、脱氮效率偏低。论述了短程硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化和同步硝化反硝化等新型生物脱氮技术及其脱氮原理,相较于传统生物脱氮,采用新型生物脱氮技术可缩短脱氮流程、节省药剂消耗、提高脱氮效率,在风化壳淋积型稀土闭矿场铵盐淋出液的脱氮处理上具有较为广阔的应用前景。采用多种脱氮方法联合并开发新型工艺是风化壳淋积型稀土矿闭矿场脱氮的发展趋势。总结了稀土闭矿场淋出液脱氮的方法及基本原理,以期为风化壳淋积型稀土矿闭矿场氨氮的绿色高效脱除提供一定技术指导和理论支撑。The weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore is an important strategic mineral resource in China. The rare earth leaching process with ammonium salt as leaching agent leads to a large amount of ammonia nitrogen remaining in the extracted ore body,which is easy to migrate with water and cause ammonia nitrogen pollution. The denitrification of the ammonium solution leached from the rare earth tailings is an effective method to control the ammonia nitrogen pollution of rare earth mine. Physical and chemical denitrification methods and their principles are reviewed. Stripping,membrane treatment,wet oxidation and chemical precipitation methods are suitable for the pretreatment of high concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater.Ions-exchange and break point chlorination methods are suitable for the treatment of ammonia nitrogen wastewater with low concentration. The denitrification of rare earth tailings leaching wastewater can be achieved by different combinations of physical and chemical processes. However,physical and chemical methods generally have high cost and are easy to cause secondary pollution. The traditional biological denitrification processes such as three stage activated sludge process,A/O,A^(2)/O,SBR and biofilm process were introduced. Traditional biological denitrification has obvious advantages such as low cost and environmental friendliness,but the process is complicated and the denitrification efficiency is relatively low. The principles of main new biological denitrification technologies such as shortcut nitrification and denitrification,anammox and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification were analyzed. Compared with traditional biological denitrification,the new biological denitrification technologies can further shorten the denitrification process,save the consumption of reagents and improve the denitrification efficiency,showing a broad application prospect in the denitrification of ammonium salt leached from rare earth tailings. It is a trend to combine various denitrification me

关 键 词：稀土闭矿场 脱氮 物理化学法 传统生物法 新型生物法 

分 类 号：TD926.5[矿业工程—选矿]