高产高淀粉木薯新品种桂热11号的选育  

Breeding of High-yield,High-starch Cassava,Guire No.11

作　　者：周时艺 俞奔驰[1] 宋恩亮[1] 雷开文 马崇熙[1] 卢赛清[1] 韦丽君[1] ZHOU Shiyi;YU Benchi;SONG Enliang;LEI Kaiwen;MA Chongxi;LU Saiqing;WEI Lijun(Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2022年第2期138-145,共8页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001100);广西科技计划项目(桂科AB1850037);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项项目(桂农科2021YT149)。

摘　　要：【目的】选育高产、高淀粉、广适性的鲜食加工兼用型双高木薯杂交新品种。【方法】以高产低粉的新选048为母本,高产高粉、低氢氰酸的桂热891为父本,采用人工开花调控技术进行诱导并杂交获得F1代,经单株评选试验、各级系比试验和生产性试验,鉴定、筛选出优良品种桂热11号。【结果】在生产性试验中,桂热11号平均鲜薯产量39.68 t·hm^(−2),分别比对照华南205(SC205)和华南9(SC9)增产28.38%、52.03%,其鲜薯淀粉含量32.4%,比对照SC205高3.7百分点,与SC9相持平;桂热11号干物质率40.70%,比SC205高4.7个百分点;氢氰酸含量低,平均为22.2 mg·kg^(−1)。桂热11号鲜薯含蛋白质0.75 g·hg^(−1)、总糖1.50 g·hg^(−1)、粗纤维1.00%、维生素C 37.20 mg·hg^(−1)、胡萝卜素123μg·hg^(−1),于2020年11月3日通过“热带作物品种”审定(热品审2020002)。【结论】桂热11号高产高淀粉,氢氰酸含量低,适应性广,是丰产稳产性好的鲜食加工兼用型优良品种,具有耐旱耐寒和较抗螨、不易落叶等特点,适合在广西、海南和江西等木薯主产区推广种植。【Objective】A high-yield,high-starch,wide-adaptability cassava cultivar was bred in Guangxi province for fresh consumption or further processing.【Method】A newly bred F1 progeny of crossing between the high-yield,low-starch Xinxuan 048 as female parent and the high-yield,high-starch,1ow-hydrocyanic acid Guire 891 as male parent was generated by artificial pollination and induction.After seedling selection and a series of primary,intermediate,and advanced tests as well as regional and production trials,Guire No.11(GR11)was selected.【Result】As shown in the production trial,GR11 delivered an average tuber yield of 39.68 t·hm^(−2),which was 28.38%and 52.03%higher than SC No.205 and SC No.9,respectively.The tubers had a starch content of 32.4%,which was 3.7%higher than SC No.205 and same as SC No.9;a dry matters content of 40.7%,which was 4.7%higher than SC No.205;an HCN content of 22.2 mg·kg^(−1)(based on FW);a rich content of nutrients(based on FW),such as 0.75 g·hg^(−1)on protein,1.5 g·hg^(−1)on total sugar,1.0%on crude fiber,37.2 mg·hg^(−1)on vitamin C,and 123μg·hg^(−1)on carotene.The new cultivar received the tropical crop variety certification on November 3,2020.【Conclusion】The high and stable yield GR11 with wide adaptability was resistant to drought,cold,and mites,and its leaves did not fall off easily.It could be adequately cultivated in current cassava-producing areas in Guangxi,Hainan,and Jiangxi provinces for either fresh consumption,further processing,or as a raw material for manufacturing starch products.

关 键 词：木薯 桂热11号 产量 品质 品种选育 

分 类 号：S889.5[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]