文化多样性、合作精神与团队效率  

Cultural Diversity,Cooperation Spirit and Team Efficiency

作　　者：张航 ZHANG Hang(School of Public Economics and Administration of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai,200433,China)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院,上海200433

出　　处：《经济管理》2022年第3期108-122,共15页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“房产税对住房投机的抑制作用及其财富再分配效应研究”(72003066)。

摘　　要：本文基于房产中介行业典型企业的微观运营数据,研究了员工的文化多样性对企业的潜在影响。结果显示,文化多样性显著提升了团队合作的效率,为企业带来更高的净效益;合作精神对此有调节作用,高合作精神能显著增强文化多样性的产出效应。与此同时,文化差异带来的文化壁垒会割裂团队的整体性,但该问题可以通过调整团队构成、匹配包容性的直属领导和创造多元化的工作氛围加以纠正。本文首次利用企业真实运营数据解析了文化多样性的产出效应,在经验上证明了其负面作用的存在,并对如何消解负面作用进行了探讨,为全球化趋势下的企业管理实践提供了有效的理论支撑,也为学术界理解文化多样性的多重效应提供了经验证据。With the advancement of urbanization and globalization,diversification has gradually become a major trend in work and life.Cultural diversity will encourage team members to complement each other’s shortcomings,thereby improving the overall work ability,but it will also bring higher grinding costs and lead to the loss of the spirit of cooperation.In order to clarify the impact of cultural diversity on team productivity,this paper uses real micro-data generated in the real estate agency industry to conduct research.The results show that the cultural diversity of the business team significantly shortens the time of a single transaction and improves the output efficiency of the team,which means that the diversity of sources of employees enables enterprises to obtain higher returns with the same cost input.This paper conducts a robustness test from the perspectives of product market heat and factor market competition to ensure that there is no reverse causality in the estimation.In addition,it is the cultural diversity of employees,not the diversity of origin,that contributes to team effectiveness.The spirit of cooperation has a moderating effect on the above effects.In a business with high pressure or high incentives,the spirit of cooperation among employees will be stimulated,which will enhance the output effect of cultural diversity.At the same time,cultural barriers brought about by cultural differences will also fragment the integrity of the team.Through the study of the performance distribution process,this paper finds that there is a phenomenon of favoritism among employees linked by dialect,which proves the existence of cultural barriers.Further,this paper studies how to effectively resolve cultural barriers.We found that education consistency and gender consistency both help improve the output effect of cultural diversity,and are catalysts for promoting complementary effects;work atmosphere and the cultural attributes of direct leaders also help to eliminate cultural barriers.When the cultural diversity is

关 键 词：文化多样性 合作 方言 团队效率 

分 类 号：F224.0[经济管理—国民经济]