功能碳基复合材料在锂硫电池正极中的应用  

Functionalized Carbon-Based Composite Materials for Cathode Application of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

作　　者：刘汉鼎 贾国栋 朱胜 盛建 张则尧 李彦[1,2] Liu Handing;Jia Guodong;Zhu Sheng;Sheng Jian;Zhang Zeyao;Li Yan(Peking University Shenzhen Institute,Shenzhen 518057,China;Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science,Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices,State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳研究院,深圳518057 [2]北京分子科学国家研究中心,纳米器件物理与化学教育部重点实验室,稀土材料及应用国家重点实验室,北京大学化学与分子工程学院,北京100871

出　　处：《化学学报》2022年第1期89-97,共9页Acta Chimica Sinica

基　　金：深圳市科技计划项目(No.JCYJ20170817113121505);深圳市海外高层次人才创新创业专项资金(No.KQTD20180411143400981);科技部国家科技重大专项(No.2016YFA0201904);国家自然科学基金(Nos.21631002,52101209);北京分子科学国家研究中心(No.BNLMS-CXTD-202001);中国博士后面上基金项目(No.2020M682606)资助。

摘　　要：碳基复合材料由于结构可变、形貌可调、成分可控,能够展现出优异的理化特性,在能源存储和转化领域具有极大的应用潜力.其中,锂-硫电池作为高效的能源存储和转化器件,长期受困于硫(S)和硫化锂(Li;S)绝缘的瓶颈,亟需开发高导电的储硫载体帮助锂-硫电池实现可逆充放电.研究表明,碳基复合材料具有强的导电能力,且可以通过表/界面和缺陷工程的技术制备获得,易于实现多功能的耦合,能够显著改善长循环中硫正极的流失,缓解容量和倍率的衰减.本综述通过总结碳基复合材料在锂-硫电池中的应用研究进展,详细讨论功能化的碳基储硫载体和硫正极电化学性能的构-效关系,分析材料的形貌、结构和组分的改变对硫正极电化学性能的影响.最后,对功能化碳基复合材料在锂-硫电池的实用化发展方向进行了展望.Carbon-based materials exhibit excellent physical and chemical properties due to their diverse structure, adjustable morphology and controllable composition. They have great application potentials in the field of new energy storage and conversion. Lithium-sulfur batteries as a kind of important new energy storage devices are trapped by the sulfur and lithium sulfide bottleneck of electronic insulation, which leads to irreversible charging and discharging processes. Fortunately, carbon-based composite materials have strong electrical conductivity. The coupling of multi-functions of the composite materials can improve the long-term utilization of sulfur and alleviate the attenuation of cycle and rate capacity. Functionalized carbon-based composite materials can be prepared through surface/interface and defect engineering techniques, which have attracted the attention and favor of scientific researchers. We review the preparation methods of functionalized carbon-based host materials and analyze the structure-function relationship of carbon-based composite materials and sulfur cathodes. We discuss the influence of the change of morphology, structure, and composition on the electrochemical performance of sulfur cathode. Finally, the feasibility of the functionalized carbon-based composite materials are prospected in the practical application of the lithium-sulfur battery.

关 键 词：碳基复合材料 锂-硫电池 功能化 正极 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]