复种绿肥油菜还田对青贮玉米农艺性状、产量及土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Multiple Cropping of Green Fertilizer Rape on Agronomic Characters,Yield and Soil Nutrients of Post Cropping Silage Maize

作　　者：张盛南 汪波[2] 张一为 张鑫 辛勍 王鸿英 ZHANG Shengnan;WANG Bo;ZHANG Yiwei;ZHANG Xin;XIN Qing;WANG Hongying(Tianjin Agricultural Development Services Center,Tianjin 300061,China;Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市农业发展服务中心,天津300061 [2]华中农业大学,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2022年第4期21-24,30,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项(21ZYCGSN00430)。

摘　　要：绿肥是作物轮作倒茬和合理用地养地的重要措施,对促进农业可持续发展有着重要的意义。为探究绿肥油菜作为一种养地作物对土壤养分的影响作用,以及“青贮玉米—绿肥油菜”复种技术模式对青贮玉米的影响,对不种绿肥油菜和复种绿肥油菜并翻压还田后的土壤和青贮玉米的农艺性状、产量进行了对比试验研究。结果表明:两个试验点种植绿肥翻压后较对照(未种绿肥)平均株高、穗位和茎粗提高了12%,8.1%,12.4%;平均总鲜重、杆重、玉米棒重、产量提高了19%,20.2%,8.5%,19%。绿肥翻压对土壤全氮、有机质、铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量都有影响,但对土壤速效钾、土壤物理指标影响较小。综上,复种绿肥翻压还田能增加土壤养分,部分替代化肥,有效地改善后作青贮玉米的农艺性状,提高青贮玉米产量。Green manure is an important measure for crop rotation and rational land use,which is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of agriculture.In order to explore the effect of green fertilizer rape as a land raising crop on soil nutrients and the effect of"silage corn—green fertilizer rape"multiple cropping technical model on silage corn,a comparative experimental study was carried out on the agronomic properties and yield of soil and silage corn after no green fertilizer rape and multiple green fertilizer rape were turned and returned to the field.The results showed that the average plant height,panicle position and stem diameter of the two experimental sites increased by 12%,8.1%and 12.4%compared with the control(without green fertilizer);The average total fresh weight,stem weight,corn cob weight and yield per mu increased by 19%,20.2%,8.5%and 19%.Green manure turnover had an effect on the contents of soil total nitrogen,organic matter,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,but had little effect on soil available potassium and soil physical indexes.In conclusion,multiple cropping of green manure can increase soil nutrients,partially replace chemical fertilizer,effectively improve the agronomic properties of post cropping silage corn and increase the yield of silage corn.

关 键 词：绿肥油菜 青贮玉米 农艺性状 产量 土壤养分 影响 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S158