炭基肥供氮量对玉米生长和产量的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Supply of Biochar Compound Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Corn

作　　者：闫泽川 佟旭楠 苏港 葛均筑 吴锡冬 王金龙 YAN Zechuan;TONG Xunan;SU Gang;Ge Junzhu;WU Xidong;WANG Jinlong(College of Agronomy&Resources and Environment,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院农学与资源环境学院,天津300384

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2022年第4期75-80,共6页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0200808)。

摘　　要：为探究不同炭基肥施氮量对玉米生长及产量的影响,以‘郑单958’作为试验材料,设置5个不同施氮处理0,135,270,405,540 kg·hm^(-2),研究施氮量对玉米叶面积指数、叶绿素、荧光参数、产量及经济效益的影响,以期为天津地区炭基肥在玉米上的应用提供理论依据和实践指导。结果表明:各施氮处理较B0叶面积指数均显著提高,随着玉米施氮量的增加,B3处理下的叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、最大光化学效率均优于其他处理;各施氮处理相较于B0玉米产量、行粒数、穗粒数、百粒重均有显著提高,当供氮量增至405 kg·hm^(-2)时,再增加施氮量玉米产量、穗粒数和百粒重不再显著增加,最高分别为10833.25 kg·hm^(-2)、552.19粒和34.73 g;当供氮量为405 kg·hm^(-2)时,经济收益最大,为22171.86元·hm^(-2)。综上所述,以炭基肥为供氮源,在施氮量为405 kg·hm^(-2)时是提高玉米叶片光合特性、玉米叶面积、经济效益的最佳处理,且玉米产量、穗粒数和百粒重不再随着施氮量的增加而显著提高。In order to explore the effect of different nitrogen application rates of biochar compound fertilizer on the growth and yield of maize,'Zhengdan 958'was used as the test material,and five different nitrogen application treatments of 0,135,270,405 and 540 kg·hm^(-2)were set to study the nitrogen application rate.The effects on corn leaf area index,chlorophyll,fluorescence parameters,yield and economic benefit were expected to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the application of biochar compound fertilizer on corn in Tianjin.The results showed that,the leaf area index of each nitrogen application treatment was significantly higher than B0.With the increase of nitrogen application rate of maize,the chlorophyll content,leaf area index and maximum photochemical efficiency of B3 treatment were better than other treatments.Compared with B0,each nitrogen fertilization treatment significantly increased the corn yield,the number of grains per row,the number of grains per ear,and the 100-grain weight.The number of grains and 100-grain weight no longer increased significantly,and the highest were 10833.25 kg·hm^(-2),552.19 grains,and 34.73 g,respectively.When the nitrogen supply was 405 kg·hm^(-2),the economic benefit was the largest,which was 22171.86 yuan·hm^(-2).To sum up,using biochar compound fertilizer as the nitrogen source,when the nitrogen application rate was 405 kg·hm^(-2),was the best treatment to improve photosynthetic characteristics of maize leaves,leafarea index,economic benefits.Yield and number of grains per ear were also improved.and 100-grain weight no longer increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application.

关 键 词：玉米 施氮量 生长 产量 

分 类 号：S31[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]