全球LNG市场2021年回顾及2022年展望  

Review of Global LNG Market in 2021 and Outlook of 2022

作　　者：侯明扬[1] HOU Mingyang(Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute)

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院规划所

出　　处：《油气与新能源》2022年第2期20-24,共5页Petroleum and new energy

摘　　要：回顾2021年,疫情肆虐,极端天气频发,气候环境治理是各国关注的重点,世界油气市场整体呈现动荡变化的局面,全球LNG(液化天然气)市场发展表现出5个方面的特点:一是LNG主要相关价格屡创历史新高,二是亚洲地区引领全球LNG需求市场增长,三是美国等国家主导全球LNG出口增量,四是长协合同签署量创历史新高,五是LNG接收站建设规模大幅提升。展望2022年,全球LNG市场发展面临较大不确定性;地缘风险或将影响全球LNG市场供给,天气因素将在需求侧对世界市场形成扰动;而受气候与环境治理以及现货市场价格高位波动等因素影响,预计部分资源国油气公司将进一步探索“碳中和LNG”发展,部分消费国油气公司则将持续加大本土天然气勘探开发力度。Looking back,the year of 2021 saw the rampant epidemic and frequent extreme weather.The governance of climate and environment is now becoming the focal point of all countries.The global market of oil and natural gas is featured by volatility and change.And the global LNG(Liquefied Natural Gas)market has indicated characters concerning five aspects:First,LNG-related prices have made record highs continuously.Second,Asia is leading the demand growth in global LNG market.Third,countries represented by America dominate the export increase concerning global LNG.Fourth,the historical high has been achieved in terms of the signature number of long-term purchase and sales agreements.Fifth,the development scale of LNG receiving stations has been improved greatly.Looking into 2022,the global LNG market is faced with greater uncertainties;geopolitical risks may influence the global LNG market supply,and weather factors will disturb the world market on the demand side;affected by climate and environmental governance as well as the fluctuation of the spot market at high levels,it is expected that the oil and gas companies in resource countries will explore further development of“carbon-neutrality LNG”.Besides,part of oil and gas companies in consumption countries will sustain to speed up the efforts to explore and develop local natural gas.

关 键 词：全球LNG 天然气市场 供需平衡 长期购销协议 

分 类 号：TE-9[石油与天然气工程]