石家庄市大气PM_(2.5)中As和Cr的污染特征及其健康风险评价  

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment on As and Cr in atmospheric PM_(2.5) of Shijiazhuang

作　　者：花中霞[1] 王小青[1] 马辉 白萍[1] 冯佩[1] HUA Zhong-xia;WANG Xiao-qing;MA Hui;BAI Ping;FENG Pei(Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang Technology Innovation Center for Chemical Poison Detection and Risk Early Warning,Hebei 050011,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄市疾病预防控制中心石家庄市化学毒物检测及风险预警技术创新中心,河北050011

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2022年第2期112-116,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：2014年河北省医学科研重点课题(ZD20140147)。

摘　　要：目的了解石家庄市大气PM_(2.5)中As和Cr的污染特征,评价其通过呼吸道途径暴露对人群的健康风险。方法于2017年1月—2018年12月选择石家庄市两个监测点进行PM_(2.5)的采集,采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)检测PM_(2.5)中As和Cr的浓度,选用美国环保署(EPA)推荐的模型进行健康风险评价。结果2017—2018年石家庄市大气PM_(2.5)中As和Cr的年均浓度值分别为7.5 ng/m^(3)、2.7 ng/m^(3)和6.6 ng/m^(3)、2.4 ng/m^(3),均表现为2018年低于2017年。As和Cr的年均超额危险度范围分别为1.18×10^(-7)~2.65×10^(-7)和1.16×10^(-7)~2.68×10^(-7),均低于人群可接受致癌风险水平(10^(-6))。两种元素对不同人群的年均超额危险度顺序均为成年男性>成年女性>儿童。结论2017—2018年石家庄市大气PM_(2.5)中As和Cr的年均浓度值高于我国《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095—2012)中的相关限量值,但其通过呼吸途径暴露对人体健康的影响较低。Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics of As and Cr in atmospheric PM_(2.5) of Shijiazhuang,and to evaluate the health risks to the population through respiratory pathway exposure.Methods PM_(2.5) was collected in two monitoring points of Shijiazhuang from January 2017 to December 2018,the concentration of As and Cr in PM_(2.5) were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Health risk assessment was conducted by means of the model recommended the United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA).Results Annually average concentration of As and Cr in PM_(2.5) from 2017 to 2018 were 7.5 ng/m^(3),2.7 ng/m^(3) and 6.6 ng/m^(3),2.4 ng/m^(3) respectively,and the indexes in 2018 outperformed than such indexes in 2017.Annually average range of excess risk degree for As and Cr were 1.18×10^(-7)-2.65×10^(-7) and 1.16×10^(-7)-2.68×10^(-7) respectively,both being lower than the acceptable risk level of population(10^(-6)).The order of different populations for average range of excess risk degree of such two elements were adult males>adult females>children.Conclusion Annually average concentration of As and Cr in atmospheric PM_(2.5) of Shijiazhuang from 2017 to 2018 are higher than limited specified in National Ambient Air Quality Standard(GB 3095—2012),while the impact on human health remain to be insignificant.

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) AS CR 健康风险 石家庄市 污染特征 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]