夏季不同灌溉条件下施肥对油茶生长及经济性状影响  

Effects of Fertilization on Growth and Economic Character of Camellia oleifera under Different Irrigation Conditions in Summer

作　　者：田红梅 吴涵茜 胡玉玲 黎旭琳 侯建伟 TIAN Hong-mei;WU Han-qian;HU Yu-ling;LI Xu-lin;HOU Jian-wei(College of Agriculture and Forestry Engineering and Planning,Tongren University,Tongren 554300,China)

机构地区：[1]铜仁学院农林工程与规划学院,贵州铜仁554300

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2022年第2期36-42,共7页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2312号);贵州省林业厅林业科研课题(黔林科合[2020]06号);贵州省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(20195201697);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y059号);贵州省教育厅平台项目(黔教合KY字[2019]052);贵州教育厅项目(黔教合KY字[2019]028)。

摘　　要：为了解不同灌溉条件下施肥对油茶生长及经济效益的影响,以8年生普通油茶为试验对象,设6个浇水量(0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2 L)和1个对照,分别测定并分析其对油茶叶片生长和茶果经济指标。结果表明:不同处理对油茶叶片的SPAD值影响差异显著,对叶片氮含量和叶面温度影响差异极显著,对叶面相对湿度影响差异不显著。在浇水量为1.2 L时,叶片SPAD值和含氮量都达到最高;不同处理对茶果体积影响极显著,对果型指数、果皮厚度、籽含水量、茶籽出仁率等的影响显著,对种仁含油量的影响不显著;当浇水量为0.8 L时茶果体积最大(76.69 cm^(3))和茶籽出仁率较高(57.59%),浇水量为0.6 L时果皮最薄和茶籽含水率最低(54.04%),浇水量为1 L时果型指数最高(0.89)和茶籽出仁率较高(57.59%),浇水量0.4 L时种仁含油量最高;不同处理对当年茶果产量、鲜果出籽率影响显著,对下一年产量影响极显著;浇水量为1 L时当年油茶产量和结果数量都较多,浇水量为0.2 L时,下一年油茶产量和结果数量都最多,浇水量为0.6 L时下一年鲜果出籽率较高。In order to understand the effect of fertilization on growth and economic benefit of Camellia oleifera under different irrigation conditions,the 8-year-old Camellia oleifera was taken as the experimental object,and a total of 6 irrigations(0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1 and 1.2 L)and one control were set up.Then the growth of Camellia oleifera leaves and the economic indexes of Camellia oleifera fruit were determined and analyzed.The results showed that different treatments had significant effects on SPAD value of Camellia oleifera leaves,extremely significant effects on leaf nitrogen content and leaf temperature,and no significant effects on leaf relative humidity.When the water amount was 1.2 L,the SPAD value and nitrogen content of leaves reached the highest.Different treatments had significant effects on fruit volume,and had significant effects on fruit type index,peel thickness,seed water content and kernel yield.When the water content was 0.8 L,the volume of Camellia oleifera fruit was the largest(76.69 cm^(3)),and the kernel yield was the highest(57.59%).When the water amount was 0.6 L,the peel was the thinnest,and the water content of tea seed was the lowest(54.04%).When the water amount was 1 L,the fruit shape index was the highest(0.89),and the kernel yield was the highest(57.59%).When the water amount was 0.4 L,the kernel oil content was the highest.Different treatments had significant effects on the yield of Camellia oleifera fruit in the current year,and extremely significant effects on the yield in the next year.When the water amount was 1 L,the yield and fruit quantity of Camellia oleifera in the current year were more.When the water amount was 0.2 L,the yield and fruit quantity of Camellia oleifera in the next year were the most.When the water amount was 0.6 L,the kernel yield of fresh fruit in the next year was higher.

关 键 词：普通油茶 夏季 氮磷钾 水分 经济性状 

分 类 号：TS225.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]