α粒子被金原子散射的束缚态理论研究  

Bound state study ofαparticles diffracted by gold atoms

作　　者：滑亚文 卡盖·索音图 刘以良 HUA Ya-wen;KA-GAI Suo-yin-tu;LIU Yi-liang(School of Electronic and Information,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学电子信息学院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《西南民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期216-221,共6页Journal of Southwest Minzu University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(2021NYB02)。

摘　　要：双缝衍射是量子力学的一个核心问题,它代表了量子力学的一个关键特征:微观粒子波动性和粒子性的关系.粒子性与波动性具有互补性,微观粒子能表现出粒子性,也能表现出波动性,但不能同时表现出以上两种特性,例如在电子双缝干涉实验中测量衍射电子的路径,干涉条纹就会消失.本研究中,我们建立了一种α粒子被两个金原子散射的模型,基于量子力学束缚态理论研究了微观粒子波粒二象性的关系,通过计算基态概率密度、第一激发态概率密度和第二激发态概率密度的极大值得到了量子化的瞄准距离,通过比较量子束缚态理论结果与夫琅禾费单缝衍射公式,我们发现微观粒子的束缚态理论结果与波动性理论结果相吻合.Double-slit diffraction is a core problem of quantum mechanics,and it represents a key feature of quantum mechanics,namely,the relationship between microscopic particle wave and particle property.Particle property and wave property are complementary.Particles can show particle property,and also wave property,but cannot show the above two properties at the same time.Copenhagen School thinks that the interference of measuring instruments leads to the disappearance of interference fringes.In this study,a model of alpha particle passing through two gold atoms was set up.Based on the theory of quantum mechanics bound state,the relationship of the microscopic particles wave-particle duality was studied.The quantized aiming distances were obtained from the maximums of the probability density for the ground state,first excited state and the second excited state.Finally,the calculated results of quantum bound state theory were compared with the Fraunhofer single-slit diffraction formula.It was found that the theoretical results of bound state of microscopic particles were consistent with the theoretical results of volatility.

关 键 词：波动性 粒子性 单缝衍射 量子力学 束缚态理论 

分 类 号：O413.1[理学—理论物理]