当代日本社会“右倾化”研究及政策启示  

Examining of the"Nationalist Turn"in Japanese Society and its Policy Implications

作　　者：翟一达 Zhai Yida

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院,上海200030

出　　处：《日本研究》2022年第1期52-65,共14页Japan Studies

摘　　要：随着日本保守主义政治势力的扩张,日本政治右倾化受到了海内外学界和媒体的关注,也引起了日本邻国的批评。本文区分了日本政治右倾化和社会右倾化两个概念,前者主要指政治精英和政党的右倾化言行,后者指日本社会中广大普通民众政治态度的右倾化趋势:即日本民众的主流民意对内呈现出民族主义或国家主义上升和历史修正主义趋势,对外表现出放弃和平主义与支持国家军事扩张的倾向。根据社会右倾化的定义,本文系统地整理并分析了跨越数十年的历史调查资料,从民族主义或国家主义、对战争的历史认识、对修改宪法第9条的态度,以及对自卫队军事扩张的态度等4个方面,研究了日本民众的政治社会态度变迁,实证材料并不支持日本社会整体发生了显著右倾化的主张。在日本政治右倾化加剧的今天,客观认识多数日本民众的政治态度,不仅可以避免政策制定过程中误判局势造成非预期的后果,还可以在对日本的公共外交中“讲好中国故事”,赢得日本民众的理解,最终共同遏制日本政治右倾化及其负面影响。With the expansion of Japan's conservative political forces,the rightist Japanese politics has attracted the attention of academic circles and media at home and abroad,and also attracted the criticism of Japan's neighbors.This paper distinguishes two concepts of Japanese political rightism and social rightism.The former mainly refers to the rightist words and deeds of political elites and political parties,and the latter refers to the rightist trend of the political attitude of the general public in Japanese Society:that is,the mainstream public opinion of the Japanese people shows the rise of nationalism/nationalism and historical revisionism,Externally,it shows a tendency to abandon pacifism and support national military expansion.According to the definition of social rightism,this paper systematically collates and analyzes the historical survey data spanning decades,and studies the changes of Japanese people's political and social attitudes from four aspects:nationalism/nationalism,historical understanding of war,attitude towards the amendment of Article 9 of the constitution,and attitude towards the military expansion of the self defense forces.The empirical materials do not support the proposition that there has been a significant right deviation in Japanese society as a whole.Today,with the intensification of Japan's political rightism,an objective understanding of the political attitude of the majority of Japanese people can not only avoid the unintended consequences of misjudging the situation in the process of policy-making,but also"tell the Chinese story"in Japan's public diplomacy,win the understanding of the Japanese people,and finally jointly curb Japan's political rightism and its negative effects.

关 键 词：保守主义 历史认识 民族主义 宪法修改 右倾化 自卫队 

分 类 号：D73/77[政治法律—政治学]