基于无人机遥感的江苏省河道边坡水土流失要素调查  

Investigation on soil erosion factors of river slope in Jiangsu Province based on UAV remote sensing

作　　者：郭红丽[1] 代梦梦 童建[1] 梁音[2] 李盟[1] GUO Hongli;DAI Mengmeng;TONG Jian;LIANG Yin;LI Meng(Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau,Nanjing 210029,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 21008,China;College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省水文水资源勘测局,江苏南京210029 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [3]中国科学院大学现代农业科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《江苏水利》2022年第4期5-10,共6页Jiangsu Water Resources

基　　金：江苏省水利科技项目(2019039、2020051)。

摘　　要：基于野外实地调查资料和无人机航拍影像,提取了江苏省典型河道的边坡特征,并基于分析结果对全省各等级河道不同利用类型下的边坡面积进行了统计。结果表明:(1)调查河段4类河流边坡平均宽度分别为23.29,9.64,8.53和6.10 m,对应的平均坡度分别为19.11°,18.02°,23.07°和25.97°,边坡宽度和坡度随水面宽度分别表现出线性增大和减小的趋势;(2)边坡利用类型主要有草地、林地、耕地、裸地、护坡工程用地和其他6种,流域性河道(Ⅰ)边坡草地和林地占比达81.62%,但也存在7.72%的护坡工程用地,区域性骨干河道(Ⅱ)、其他重要河道(Ⅲ)和县乡河道(Ⅳ)草地和林地面积占比在61.03%~75.61%之间,但均存在较大面积的耕地和裸地;(3)江苏省河道边坡总面积约1638.54 km^(2),其中4类河道边坡占比分别为9.95%,6.47%,16.96%和66.62%,说明边坡主要存在于县乡河道和其他重要河道2种类型中,需要在实际的管理中重点关注。Based on the field survey data and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)aerial images,the slope characteristics of typical river channels in Jiangsu Province were extracted,and based on the analysis results,the slope areas under different utilization types of rivers of various grades in the province were counted.The results are as follows:(1)The average slope widths of the four rivers in the investigated reach were 23.29m,9.64 m,8.53 m and 6.10 m,respectively,and the corresponding average slopes were 19.11°,18.02°,23.07°and 25.97°,respectively.The slope width and slope show a linear increase and decrease trend with the water surface width,respectively.(2)Slope utilization types mainly included grassland,woodland,cultivated land,bare land,slope protection land and others.The proportion of grassland and woodland on the slope of regional channel(Ⅱ)reached 81.62%,but there were 7.72%of slope protection land.The proportion of grassland and woodland on the regional backbone river channel(Ⅱ),other important river courses(Ⅲ)and township river courses(Ⅳ)was between 61.03%and 75.61%,but there were large areas of cultivated land and bare land.(3)The total area of river slope in Jiangsu Province was about 1638.54 km^(2),and the proportion of four types of river slope was 9.95%,6.47%,16.96%and 66.62%,respectively.It showed that the slope mainly exists in the township river courses(Ⅳ)and other important river courses(Ⅲ),which needs to be focused on in the actual management.

关 键 词：河道边坡 利用类型 无人机影像 水土流失 江苏平原 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]