中国县域农业全要素生产率的分异特征与驱动因素  

Differentiation Characteristics and Driving Factors of Agricultural Total Factor Productivity at County Level in China

作　　者：甘天琦 杜建国 李波[1,2] GAN Tian-qi;DU Jian-guo;LI Bo(School of Economic,South-Central Minzu University,Wuhan 430074,China;Hubei Moderately Prosperous Society in all respects Construction Research Institute,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学经济学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]湖北全面小康建设研究院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《经济问题》2022年第4期101-107,共7页On Economic Problems

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题“西部地区巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴战略衔接机制研究”(21JZD028)。

摘　　要：基于2000—2019年中国2098个县域的面板数据,运用随机前沿模型(SFA)测算县域农业全要素生产率,通过检验模型变量与无效率项来确定生产函数,并在此基础上对全要素生产率进行分解。实证研究结果表明:(1)我国的县域农业全要素生产率的增长率总体呈现出“涨跌互现”的波动情形且波动较为剧烈,“十一五”规划以来呈现出逐年下降并趋于稳定的态势;(2)虽然农业全要素生产率的区域差异明显,但增长速度与变化幅度体现出不同地区间的农业经济发展差距在逐渐缩小;(3)全要素生产率的四重分解结果显示,技术变化是农业全要素生产率的增长率逐年下降的主要原因,技术效率和规模效率的提升空间巨大。据此提出提升农业全要素生产率的政策建议:一方面,要加强农业技术的推广与应用;另一方面,在引导土地规模经营的同时,要积极探索激励土地流转的具体措施,以实现农业经济的长远发展。Based on panel data of 2098 counties in China from 2000 to 2019,this paper uses stochastic frontier Model(SFA)to measure agricultural total factor productivity at county level,and determines the production function by testing model variables and inefficiency terms.The empirical results show that:(1)The growth rate of agricultural total factor productivity at county level in China shows a fluctuating situation of“ups and downs”and the fluctuation is more severe and frequent,and it has been declining year by year and tending to be stable since the eleventh five-year plan;(2)Although the regional differences of agricultural total factor productivity are obvious,the growth rate and change range reflect that the gap of agricultural economic development in the eastern,central and western regions is gradually narrowing;(3)According to the quadruple decomposition results of total factor productivity,technological change is the main reason why the growth rate of agricultural total factor productivity declines year by year,and there is a huge space for the improvement of technical efficiency and scale efficiency.On the one hand,we should strengthen the popularization and application of agricultural technology;on the other hand,we should actively explore specific measures to stimulate land circulation while guiding large-scale land management,so as to realize the long-term development of agricultural economy.

关 键 词：农业全要素生产率 随机前沿法 技术效率 规模效率 

分 类 号：F326[经济管理—产业经济]