微生物气溶胶检测技术的研究进展  

Technologies for microbial aerosol sampling and identification:a review and current perspective

作　　者：卢维来[1] 许添顺 汤晖[2] 蒋靖坤[3] 付钰[1,4] LU Weilai;XU Tianshun;TANG Hui;JIANG Jingkun;FU Yu(State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;School of Life Sciences,Hebei University,Baoding 071002,Hebei,China;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Savaid Medical School,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所,微生物资源前期开发国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]河北大学生命科学学院,河北保定071002 [3]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [4]中国科学院大学存济医学院,北京100049

出　　处：《微生物学报》2022年第4期1345-1361,共17页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52091541,91751103);中国科学院率先杯项目(GQRC-19-18);国家重点研发计划(2019YFA905500);中国科学院“科学”号高端用户项目(KEXUE2019GZ05)。

摘　　要：生物气溶胶中微生物的种类复杂多样,其采集和鉴定是全面掌握微生物气溶胶生物特性的关键,对防控气溶胶病原体传播十分重要。本文简要综述了微生物气溶胶的生物特性和潜在危害性,介绍了微生物气溶胶的一般采集方法,采集器采集生物气溶胶的基本原理、特点和优缺点。将有助于研究人员根据实验目的在采集低浓度生物气溶胶时选择合适的采样器。本文围绕气溶胶微生物依赖和不依赖于培养的分析鉴定、单细胞水平鉴定等方法综述了气溶胶微生物的鉴定技术,以及鉴定气溶胶中病毒的研究进展。最后针对现有的微生物气溶胶采集和鉴定方法提出展望,以期为发展微生物气溶胶收集方法和促进对生物气溶胶生物特性的全面理解提供理论基础。The bioaerosol harbors diverse microorganisms.The sampling of microbial aerosols and the identification of microorganisms in aerosols are the key to understanding the biological characteristics of microbial aerosols,which is essential for preventing bioaerosol-mediated pathogen transmission.This article briefly reviewed the biological characteristics and potential hazards of microbial aerosols and introduced the general methods for microbial aerosol sampling with respect to their performance,operating mechanisms,advantages,and limitations,in an aim to assist the design of best practices for bioaerosol sampling.Three major(culture-dependent,culture-independent,and single-cell)techniques for the identification of bacteria,fungi,and viruses in bioaerosols were expounded.Finally,the future techniques for microbial aerosol collection and microbial identification were prospected.The cross-disciplinary interaction will facilitate the development of novel methods for bioaerosol sampling and detection.With this review,we hope to provide a theoretical basis for the development of sampling methods and comprehensive characterization of bioaerosols.

关 键 词：生物气溶胶 采集方法 鉴定方法 

分 类 号：X831[环境科学与工程—环境工程]