一次性不同时长中等强度运动对超重儿童执行功能的影响  

Dose-Response Effects of Acute Moderate Aerobic Exercises on Overweight Children’s Executive Functions

作　　者：李焕玉 李卫东[3] 沈鹤军[4] 陈爱国[5] 王积福 LI Huanyu;LI Weidong;SHEN Hejun;CHEN Aiguo;WANG Jifu(Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China;School of PE,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;Dept.of Human Sciences,College of Education and Human Ecology,The Ohio State University,Columbus 43210,USA;Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210014,China;School of PE,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;College of Education and Sports Sciences,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]华中师范大学体育学院,湖北武汉430079 [3]俄亥俄州立大学,俄亥俄州哥伦布43210 [4]南京体育学院,江苏南京210014 [5]扬州大学体育学院,江苏扬州225127 [6]长江大学教育与体育学院,湖北荆州434023

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2022年第2期219-225,共7页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(项目编号:19YJA890010)。

摘　　要：目的:研究一次性不同时长中等强度运动对超重儿童执行功能的影响效果,为合理设计改善超重儿童执行功能的体育活动方案提供证据。方法:以荆州市某小学80名4年级和5年级超重学生为研究对象,随机分配到20 min对照组、40 min对照组、20 min试验组和40 min试验组,且试验组进行“篮球+跳绳”组合运动干预。分别采用Flanker任务、1-back任务与More-odd shifting任务,全面评价各组超重儿童执行功能抑制、刷新与转换3个子功能的前后变化。结果:一次性不同时长中等强度运动对超重儿童执行功能3个子功能的影响具有差异性:在提高抑制功能上,40 min试验组显著优于20 min对照组与40 min对照组;在提高刷新功能上,40 min试验组与20 min试验组显著优于20 min对照组与40min对照组;在提高转换功能上,40 min试验组显著优于其他3组。结论:一次性中等强度运动对超重儿童执行功能各子功能具有“时间剂量”效应,40 min运动对超重儿童执行功能3个子功能同时具有显著改善效果;而20 min运动仅对刷新功能具有显著改善效果。Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different doses of acute moderate exercises on overweight children’s executive functions,with a goal of providing some insights on how to design physical activity programs to improve executive functions of overweight children.Methods:Eighty 4th and 5th graders who were overweight from a local elementary school in Jingzhou participated in this study.They were randomly assigned to one of the 4 group conditions:20-minute exercise group,40-minute exercise group,20-minute control group,and 40-minute control group.Participants in both experimental groups were engaged in basketball and jump rope activities.Participants’executive functions were assessed using Flanker task,1-back task,and More-odd shifting task prior to and at the end of the interventions.Their demographic data were also collected.The MANCOVA with a repeated measure and follow-up post hoc tests were used to analyze the data.Gender,age,BMI,psychological behavior,physical activity,physical fitness,and basic heart rate were entered into the statistical model as covariates.Results:The analyses showed significant dose response effects of acute moderate aerobic exercise on executive functions.Participants in the 40-minute exercise group had better improvement in inhibition functions than those in both 20-minute and 40-minute control groups.Participants in the 20-minute and 40-minute exercise groups improved their updating functions more than those in both 20-minute and 40-minute control groups.Participants in the 40-minute exercise groups improved their shifting functions more than those in the 20-minute control,40-minute control,and 20-minute exercise groups.Conclusions:There are dose-response effects of acute moderate aerobic exercises on overweight children’s executive functions.Moderate exercises lasting 40 minutes had significant effects on all three domains of executive functions.Moderate exercises lasting 20 minutes only had a significant effect on updating functions for overweight chil

关 键 词：中等强度 一次性运动 超重儿童 执行功能 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学] G80-05[文化科学—体育学]