居住街区街道空间友好性评价研究——基于居民主观测度视角  

Research on the Evaluation of Street Space Friendliness in Residential Blocks:A Case Study Based on the Subjective Observation of Respondents

作　　者：周扬[1] 钱才云[1] 魏子雄 ZHOU Yang;QIAN Caiyun;WEI Zixiong

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学建筑学院 [2]常州市规划设计院

出　　处：《南方建筑》2022年第4期69-77,共9页South Architecture

基　　金：2021年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(21YJCZH248):基于儿童日常户外行为特征与环境测度的社区空间体系效能研究。

摘　　要：居住街区街道作为数量最多、居民日常使用最频繁的空间类型,其步行友好性的提升具有完善街道低碳交通功能和增强其社交属性的双重内涵。以南京河西地区居住街区街道为研究对象,调研步行者对街道空间环境的主观感知与街道的客体环境指标,提取共性评价因子,获取步行者对街道的心理评价结构为社交、空间氛围、绿植和设施四项主成分因子。在街道各项评分的基础上,对街道主观评价与客体指标作相关性分析,解析街道客体指标对居民心理感知的影响机理:界面通透系数、商业互动界面占比和服务设施数量影响社交感知;街道宽度、街道高宽比、居住区出入口密度、节点公共广场密度及灌乔木覆盖比等影响空间氛围的感知;街道宽度、边界绿化密度、隔离绿化密度及乔木遮荫率影响绿植感知;服务设施数量和商业互动界面占比会影响设施使用便利性感知。之后针对性提出利于步行友好的居住街区街道空间环境指标建议。Residential streets refer to urban roads that divide each residential block(community)within the residential area.As the most frequently used space carrier for daily commute travel,leisure travel,and various living activities,residential streets serve for the travel and transportation function and create a community communication space with social attributes for residents.Based on the subjective observation of residents,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the relationship between street space environments and walking behaviour in residential blocks for constructing an evaluation system of the walking environment and building a walking-friendly city.In this study,a questionnaire survey on pedestrians’psychological feelings and emotions in 20 residential streets in the Hexi district of Nanjing City was carried out using the semantic differential(SD)method.Data of built street environments were collected,comprised of drawings and measurements.On this basis,the common factors in the SD evaluation were extracted by factor analysis.Four principal component factors of the pedestrian’s psychological evaluation structure of street were recognised,including social interaction,spatial atmosphere,vegetation and facilities.Additionally,scores of the evaluation items of each street based on common factors were acquired.A mathematical model was established with these scores to analyse correlations between built environmental indexes(e.g.,spatial scale,boundary space,functional facilities and street greening)and subjective observations of residents,recognise street space environmental elements that influence subjective perception significantly and analyse influencing the mechanisms of objective street indexes on the psychological perception of residents.Specifically,the interface permeability coefficient,proportion of commercial interactive interface and number of service facilities influence social perception.The street width,street aspect ratio,density of residential entrances and exits,density

关 键 词：步行友好 居住街区 街道空间 语义差别法 相关性 主观测度 

分 类 号：TU984.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]