发动机连杆裂解槽激光加工机床的加减速前瞻控制  

Acceleration and deceleration combined with look-ahead control of laser processing machine tools for engine connecting rod cracking groove

作　　者：林宝君 郑祺峰[2] LIN Baojun;ZHENG Qifeng(School of Communication Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China;Roll Forging Institute,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学通信工程学院,吉林长春130022 [2]吉林大学辊锻工艺研究所,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《光学精密工程》2022年第7期793-801,共9页Optics and Precision Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.u1964202);工业物联网与网络化控制教育部重点实验室开放基金资助项目(No.2019FF01);江苏省新能源汽车动力系统重点实验室项目(No.JKLNEVPS201901)。

摘　　要：为了提高发动机连杆裂解槽激光加工机床的加工效率,提出了一种对机床数控系统的加减速进行前瞻控制与S型曲线加减速相结合的方法。将高档数控系统常用的S型曲线加减速算法原有的七段过程简化为五段,将前瞻控制理论应用到S型曲线加减速算法中,在速度突变前提前规划速度,将这五段曲线中的位移、速度和加速度从连续量转变成离散的、周期变化的量,最后将改进后的算法移植到数控系统中。仿真结果表明,应用改进算法,变速后系统达到新稳态的时间缩短了3.5 ms,最大超调量是原来的80%。切槽实验结果表明:对连杆大头孔进行激光切槽后,裂解槽的槽深均匀无超差(裂解槽上各个点的槽深度差异小于±0.02 mm),完全符合后续加工要求,该方法大大提高了连杆裂解槽激光加工机床的稳定性以及速度和精度。To improve the processing efficiency of laser processing machine tools for engine connecting rod cracking grooves,a method of combining the look-ahead control algorithm with the S-curve acceleration and deceleration of the CNC system was proposed.Through the introduction of the commonly used Scurve acceleration and deceleration algorithm for high-end CNC systems,the original seven-stage process was simplified into five stages.Next,the look-ahead control theory was introduced and applied to the Scurve acceleration and deceleration algorithm.The theory was used to plan the speed in advance before the speed change point,and the displacement,speed,and acceleration in the S-curve acceleration and deceleration algorithm were all transformed into discrete changes in cycles.Finally,the improved algorithm was transferred to the CNC system.The simulation results show that the application of the improved algorithm shortens the time for the system to reach a steady state after changing speed by 0.4 s,and the maximum overshoot is only 80%of the original.The experimental results show that,for various types of connecting rods,the depth of the cracking grooves are approximately the same(the groove depth tolerance of each point on the cracking groove is±0.02 mm)and there is no overcut or residue,indicating that this method considerably improves the stability,speed and precision of the laser processing machine tools.

关 键 词：激光加工 连杆 裂解槽 S型曲线加减速 前瞻控制算法 

分 类 号：TG665[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]