《民法典》有关保证方式推定的制度完善:基于民商区分的视角  

On the Improvement of the System of Presumption of Guarantee Mode in the Civil Code: Based on the Perspective of Civil and Commercial Distinction

作　　者：孙清白 SUN Qingbai(College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211106,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院,江苏南京211106

出　　处：《南京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期64-68,共5页Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(21ZDA052)。

摘　　要：保证方式分为一般保证和连带责任保证。当事人在保证合同中对保证方式没有约定或约定不明的,原《担保法》第19条一律推定为连带责任保证属典型的"商化过度"。《民法典》第686条第2款转而推定为一般保证,又无法体现出对民事保证和商事保证的区分规制。通过对域外立法例的考察可以发现,民事保证以一般保证为原则,商事保证则以连带责任保证为原则。我国应当完善《民法典》有关保证方式推定上的民商区分,实现对民事保证和商事保证合理的责任界定。There are two guarantee patterns,which are respectively the general guarantee and the joint liability guarantee.If the party does not specify an agreement or even does not put forward one in the guarantee contract,then basing Article 19 of the original Guarantee Law,this is presumed as joint and several liability guarantee,a typical "over commercialization".The Civil Code instead presumes it as a general guarantee,which cannot reflect the distinction between civil guarantee and commercial guarantee.Through the investigation of foreign legislation,it can be found that the civil guarantee usually regards general guarantee as the principle,while the principle of commercial guarantee is joint liability guarantee.China should perfect the distinction between civil and commercial on the presumption of guarantee mode in Civil Code,and draw a clear distinction between the reasonable responsibility definition of civil guarantee and commercial guarantee.

关 键 词：民法典 民事保证 商事保证 连带责任 

分 类 号：D922.29.92[政治法律—经济法学]