欧盟航空碳排放交易指令的法理评析与中国应对研究  

The Jurisprudential Analysis and China’s Countermeasures to EU ETS

作　　者：高志宏[1] GAO Zhihong(College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211106,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院,江苏南京211106

出　　处：《南京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期83-90,共8页Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目(20&ZD183);江苏省法学会法学研究课题(SFH2021B08)。

摘　　要：欧盟航空碳排放交易体系的法律依据是2003/87/EC和2008/101/EC指令,其目的在于保护欧洲航空业并占据国际航空主导权,本质上属于“碳壁垒”行为,扰乱了国际气候谈判框架,违反了《联合国气候变化框架公约》确立的“共同但有区别的责任”原则,也违背了《京都议定书》确立的“联合行动原则”。中国等发展中国家有着与美国不同的起诉欧盟的法理逻辑,但美国的经验教训值得借鉴。欧盟EUETS纠纷能够诉诸WTO争端解决机制,主要涉及欧盟EUETS是否应受WTO规制以及与GATT相符性问题,在穷尽其它救济途径的前提下可以诉诸WTO争端解决机制。欧盟航空碳排放交易机制凸显出国际航空碳排放规则的缺失,出台航空碳排放税全球性解决方案已经迫在眉睫。对中国而言,一方面应当完善国内碳排放权交易法规体系,另一方面应当积极推进构建全球航空碳排放交易制度。The legal basis of the EU aviation carbon emissions trading system is from the two directives of 2003/87/EC and 2008/101/EC.The purpose of the system is to protect the European aviation industry and take the lead in international aviation.It is essentially a“carbon barrier”and disrupts the international climate negotiation framework and the principle of“common but differentiated responsibilities”established by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change,and also violates the“joint action principle”established by the Kyoto Protocol.China and other developing countries have different legal logic from the United States in prosecuting the Europe⁃an Union,but the practice of the United States is worth learning from.EU ETS disputes can resort to WTO dis⁃pute settlement mechanisms,mainly concerning whether the EU ETS should be subject to WTO regulation and the issue of compatibility with GATT and can resort to WTO dispute settlement mechanisms under the premise of having tried all other ways.The EU aviation carbon emissions trading system highlights the lack of interna⁃tional aviation carbon emission regulations and it is urgent to introduce a global solution for aviation carbon emis⁃sion taxation.For China,on the one hand,it should improve the domestic carbon emissions trading laws and regulations system.On the other hand,it should actively promote the construction of a global aviation carbon emissions trading system.

关 键 词：国际航空碳排放 国际民航组织 欧盟航空碳排放交易机制 共同但有区别责任原则 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]