基于外来水生生物风险筛选工具评估外来观赏鱼在中国的入侵风险:以甲鲶科鱼类为例  

Invasiveness Identification Using Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit for Non-Native Ornamental Fish in China:A Case Study of Non-Native Loricariidae Species.

作　　者：韦慧[1] 刘超[1] 胡隐昌[1] 汪学杰[1] 牟希东[1] 顾党恩[1] 徐猛[1] 房苗 WEI Hui;LIU Chao;HU Yin-chang;WANG Xue-jie;MU Xi-dong;GU Dang-en;XU Meng;FANG Miao(Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of Recreational Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Immune Technology,Guangzhou 510380,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所/农业农村部休闲渔业重点实验室/广东省水产动物免疫技术重点实验室,广东广州510380

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2022年第4期494-503,共10页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(31700473);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2020GH04)。

摘　　要：观赏鱼贸易是引进外来鱼类的主要途径,但由于缺乏风险评估和管理,给水生生态系统带来了潜在的威胁。该研究以外来甲鲶科鱼类为研究对象,通过市场调查结合文献资料,摸清该科鱼类引种状况,利用外来水生生物风险筛选工具,分析当前和气候变化情景下31种外来甲鲶科鱼类在中国南北生态区的入侵风险。结果表明:常见甲鲶科鱼类共有103种,其中14种鱼类的原产地气候与我国气候相似。共有16种外来甲鲶科鱼类在南北生态区具有相同的入侵风险,其中5种为高风险(包括下口鲶属1种、翼甲鲶属4种),9种为中风险,2种为低风险。气候变化情景下,南部和北部生态区分别有11和5种鱼类由低风险转为中风险。在当前气候条件和气候变化情景下,分别有6和11种外来鱼类在北部生态区为低风险,在南部生态区为中风险。说明外来甲鲶科观赏鱼在中国南方和北方地区都存在一定的入侵风险,尤其需要注意在气候变化情景下,外来鱼类的入侵风险将增高。研究结果可为外来观赏物种入侵风险进行早期预警,为制定管理策略提供参考。需要注意的是,无论是外来水产养殖,还是外来观赏鱼品种,在采取管理措施之前仍需要用严谨的实验数据来进一步确认其风险。Aquarium trade is the main pathway for the introduction of non-native fish,which poses great threats to native aquatic ecosystems due to lack of risk assessment and management.This study investigated the introduction status of non-native Loricariidae fish by combining literature and market surveys.Risk identification was conducted on 31 Loricariidae fish using Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit under current and climate change conditions.The results showed that:(1)A total of 103 Loricariidae fishes were recorded in the surveys.Climates in the native range of 14 species were similar with that in China;(2)There were 16 species had the same risk level in both northern and southern ecoregions.Five species were classified as high risk species,including one species in Genus Hypostomus and four in Genus Pterygoplichthys.Nine species were classified as medium risk and two species were low risk;(3)The risk levels of 11 species in southern ecoregion and five species in northern ecoregion were changed from low to medium risk under climate change conditions;and(4)The risk level of six and 11 species changed between southern and northern ecoregions under current and climate change situation,respectively.These results suggested that non-native tropic ornamental fish have invasion risk in both southern and northern ecoregions.The risk of non-native fish would increased under climate change conditions.These results could inform management strategies for non-native ornamental species.

关 键 词：生物入侵 外来鱼类 风险评估 气候变化 观赏鱼贸易 

分 类 号：X835[环境科学与工程—环境工程]