断裂—盖层耦合封闭机理及断层圈闭油气聚集模式  

Fault-caprock coupling sealing mechanism and fault trap hydrocarbon accumulation model

作　　者：付晓飞 吕丁友 黄江波 王改卫 孟令东 王海学 贾茹 FU Xiaofei;LYU Dingyou;HUANG Jiangbo;WANG Gaiwei;MENG Lingdong;WANG Haixue;JIA Ru(Key Laboratory Ministry of Education for Continental Shale Oil and Gas Accumulation and Efficient Development,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163318,China;Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Integrity Evaluation of Oil&Gas Reservoir and Underground Storage,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163318,China;CNOOC China Limited Tianjin Company,Tianjin 300459,China)

机构地区：[1]“陆相页岩油气成藏及高效开发”教育部重点实验室·东北石油大学 [2]“油气藏及地下储库完整性评价”黑龙江省重点实验室 [3]中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司

出　　处：《天然气工业》2022年第3期21-28,共8页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“断层破坏盖层机理及封闭性定量评价”(编号:41972157);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目“复杂断裂带成因机制及断块油气藏有效性综合评价研究”(编号:TD2019D001);黑龙江省科学基金项目“断层分段生长定量表征及在油气勘探开发中的应用”(编号:QC2018041)。

摘　　要：为了探讨常规储层和致密储层内断层封闭机理及油气聚集差异性,以松辽盆地徐家围子断陷和渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷为研究对象,从断裂变形机制出发,剖析了不同类型储层断裂—盖层耦合封闭机理,建立了不同类型储层内断层圈闭油气聚集模式。研究结果表明:(1)常规砂岩储层内断裂带断层核发育碎裂岩和泥岩涂抹,破碎带内发育变形带,断层封闭类型为断层岩;致密火山岩储层内断裂带断层核发育无内聚力角砾岩,破碎带内发育裂缝,断层封闭类型为岩性对接。(2)断层封闭油气具有“漏水桶短板原理”,断层岩封闭烃柱高度取决于最小断层泥含量分布位置及封闭能力;岩性对接封闭烃柱高度取决于圈闭范围内最大断距和最小断距之差,具有统一油水界面。(3)致密储层断层油气藏一般为块状油气藏,油气主要分布在断裂上升盘,且受区域性盖层控制;常规储层断层油气藏一般为层状油气藏,受局部性盖层和断层联合控制即可成藏。结论认为,断—盖耦合封闭机理的认识和油气聚集模式的建立,为不同类型储层断控型油气藏勘探部署提供理论基础。In order to discuss the differences in fault sealing mechanisms and hydrocarbon accumulation models between conventional reservoirs and tight reservoirs,this paper takes Xujiaweizi fault depression of the Songliao Basin and Shulu Sag of Jizhong Depression of the Bohai Bay Basin as research objects and analyzes the fault-caprock coupling sealing mechanisms in different types of reservoirs based on fault deformation mechanism.In addition,the hydrocarbon accumulation models of fault traps in different types of reservoirs are established.And the following research results are obtained.First,in conventional sandstone reservoirs,cataclastic rocks and clay smears are developed in fault cores of fault zones,deformation bands are developed in fractured zones,and fault sealing is based on fault rocks.In tight volcanic rock reservoirs,incoherence breccia is developed in fault cores of fault zones,fractures are developed in fractured zone,and fault sealing is realized in the pattern of lithology juxtaposition.Second,fault sealing hydrocarbon follows the principle of"short board of leaking bucket",which means the height of the hydrocarbon column sealed by fault rocks is controlled by the distribution position of minimum shale gouge ratio(SGR)and the sealing capacity while the height of the hydrocarbon column sealed by lithology juxtaposition is dependent on the difference between the maximum and the minimum fault throw in the trap area and there is a uniform oil-water contact.Third,fault oil and gas reservoirs in tight reservoirs are generally massive,and their oil and gas is mainly distributed in the upthrown side and controlled by the regional caprocks.Fault oil and gas reservoirs in conventional reservoirs are generally layered,and their formation is under the joint control of local caprocks and faults.In conclusion,the understandings on fault-caprock coupling sealing mechanism and the establishment of hydrocarbon accumulation models provide a theoretical base for the exploration arrangement of faults controlled oil and ga

关 键 词：常规储层 致密储层 松辽盆地 渤海湾盆地 断层圈闭 断裂带内部结构 断裂—盖层耦合封闭 油气聚集模式 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]