月球探测器GNSS信号可见性分析改进方法及应用  

Improved Method and Application of GNSS Signal Visibility Analysis for Lunar Probe

作　　者：樊敏[1] 胡小工[2] 李海涛[1] 刘勇[3] 王宏[1] 程承[1] FAN Min;HU Xiaogong;LI Haitao;LIU Yong;WANG Hong;CHENG Cheng(Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology,Beijing 100094,China;Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China;Beijing Aerospace Control Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京跟踪与通信技术研究所,北京100094 [2]中国科学院上海天文台,上海200030 [3]北京航天飞行控制中心,北京100094

出　　处：《航天器工程》2022年第2期19-28,共10页Spacecraft Engineering

基　　金：探月工程重大专项资助项目。

摘　　要：针对全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)如何支持月球探测器导航的问题,根据信号功率电平计算模型,辅助航天器姿态模型信息,全面考虑发射/接收天线增益方向特性、飞行轨道特征、飞行姿态和天线安装位置及指向等因素,改进GNSS信号可见性分析方法,并利用嫦娥-5T1探测器的实测数据验证了改进方法的正确性。以嫦娥五号探测器为例,利用该方法分析了GNSS信号可见性,结果表明:相比单GPS系统,采用GPS+“北斗”双模工作模式,可以显著增加可见卫星数,最大增幅可达100%。对于地月转移轨道段,接收机载噪比门限达到21 dBHz即可满足月球探测器GNSS导航定位的可见卫星数需求。To navigate lunar probes based on GNSS technique,a method of signal characteristics is analyzed according to the model of signal power level and the spacecraft attitude model by considering some critical factors,such as the transmitting/receiving antenna pattern,the flight dynamics of the trajectory,the attitude of spacecraft,and the position and pointing of antennae.The correctness is verified by analyzing the measurement of GNSS receiver mounted on CE-5T1 probe.The visibilities of GNSS satellites are calculated for CE-5 probe.The results show that the combination of GPS+Beidou can greatly improve the visibility compared with the standalone GPS.The maximum increase of the number of visible GNSS satellites can reach 100%.Based on the results,it is illuminated that the GPS+Beidou dual-mode receiver should be used in lunar missions.The threshold of the carrier to noise ratio should be 21dBHz for the trans-lunar trajectory.

关 键 词：月球探测器 全球导航卫星系统 链路分析 信号可见性 姿态四元数 

分 类 号：V474.3[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]