我国月球探测器热控技术发展  

Review of Thermal Control Technology in Chinese Lunar Probes

作　　者：向艳超[1] 刘自军[1] 宁献文[1] 苗建印[1] XIANG Yanchao;LIU Zijun;NING Xianwen;MIAO Jianyin(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094

出　　处：《航天器工程》2022年第2期29-34,共6页Spacecraft Engineering

摘　　要：探月工程推动了我国航天器热控技术长足发展,基本形成针对月面探测器月昼散热、月夜保温相融合的热控技术体系。文章论述我国在探月工程中开发的新型热控技术及其应用情况。展望后续长期无人及有人驻留月球探测任务,建议发展大功率同位素温差电池(RTG)和小型核反应堆技术,以提升月夜期间的热-电联供能力和效率;发展泵驱两相流体回路技术,提升月昼与月夜期间可控热传输能力;发展热泵技术及低吸收、高发射涂层热控涂层技术,以提升月昼期间的辐射器热排散效率。The rapid development of spacecraft thermal control technology has been promoted in Chinese Lunar Exploration Program,and thermal control technology system for heat dissipation in lunar days and heat preservation in lunar nights has been established.Based on the introduction of the development process of Chinese Lunar Exploration Program,the new thermal control technologies and their applications developed in Chinese Lunar Exploration Program are reviewed.Looking forward to the long-term robotic and manned lunar exploration missions,it is suggested to develop high-power radioisotope temperature generator(RTG)and small nuclear reactor technology to improve the capacity and efficiency of heat and electricity cogeneration during lunar nights,pump driven two-phase fluid circuit technology to improve the controllable heat transfer capacity during lunar day and night,and heat pump together with low absorption and high emission coating technologies and to advance the heat dissipation capacity of radiator during lunar days.

关 键 词：探月工程 月球探测 热控技术 重力辅助两相流体回路 水升华器 

分 类 号：V476.3[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]