秦州元帅系苹果花期霜冻灾害调查分析  

Investigation and Analysis of Frost Damage of Marshal Apple during Flowering Period in Qinzhou District

作　　者：郭旺文 许赟恺 张浩良[1] 吴婷芳 GUO Wangwen;XU Yunkai;ZHANG Haoliang;WU Tingfang(Meteorological Bureau of Tianshui,Gansu Province,Tianshui 741000,China;Tianshui Weather Modification Service Center,Tianshui 741000,China;Gansu Xiaolongshan Forestry Experimental Bureau,Tianshui 741020,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省天水市气象局,甘肃天水741000 [2]天水市人工影响天气服务中心,甘肃天水741000 [3]甘肃省小陇山林业实验局,甘肃天水741020

出　　处：《甘肃科学学报》2022年第2期66-71,共6页Journal of Gansu Sciences

摘　　要：为减轻春季晚霜冻害对秦州元帅系苹果的影响,以2020年4月21日、25日两次霜冻天气过程为例,对本区温暖半湿润、温和半湿润、温和湿润、温凉湿润4个小气候区域元帅系苹果盛花期霜冻灾害进行调查分析。结果显示本区元帅系苹果盛花期轻(受冻率≤30%)、中(受冻率31%~60%)、重(受冻率61%~80%)、特重(受冻率≥81%)4级霜冻灾害最低气温T_(d)分别为T_(d)>-1.8℃、-3.8℃<T_(d)≤-1.8℃、-5.2℃<T_(d)≤-3.8℃、T_(d)≤-5.2℃,其对应≤0℃低温持续时间H分别为H<2.6 h、2.6 h≤H<5.9 h、5.9 h≤H<8.1 h、H≥8.1 h;其不同坡向、不同海拔苹果花器受冻率主要地域分布特征为阳坡明显重于阴坡,中、低海拔及河谷滩地、浅山台地重于中高海拔山坡地;不同防霜(栽培)方式中以熏烟效果最好,地表覆膜明显优于大田露地栽培。研究为本地提前有效防范不同等级晚霜冻害,降低灾害损失具有一定指导意义。The purpose of this paper is to mitigate the effects of late spring frost on Marshal Apple in Qinzhou District.Based on the two frost weather processes on April 22 and 26,2020 in four microclimate regions of Qinzhou District,namely mild and semi-humid,warm and semi-humid,mild and cool and humid,the investigation and analysis of frost disaster were conducted.The results showed that the frost disaster has 4 phases,namely light frost(frost exposure rate≤30%),medium frost(frost exposure rate 31%~60%),heavy frost(frost exposure rate 61%~80%)and extremely heavy frost(frost exposure rate≥81%)respectively.The lowest corresponding temperature were T_(d)>-1.8℃,-3.8℃<T_(d)≤-1.8℃,-5.2℃<T_(d)≤-3.8℃,T_(d)≤-5.2℃,and the temperature lower than 0℃corresponding duration hours were H<2.6 h,2.6 h≤H<5.9 h,5.9 h≤H<8.1 h,H≥8.1 h,respectively.The main regional distribution characteristics of the frost exposure rate of flowering craters in different slope direction and different altitude are that of the tailo is obviously heavier than of the ubac,and at the middle and low altitude,valley beach and shallow mountain platform are heavier than that at the middle and high altitude mountain slope.Fumigation has the best effect in different frost prevention(cultivation)methods,and surface mulching is obviously better than field cultivation.The study could have some guiding significance for preventing frost damage of different grade effectively in advance and reducing frost damage loss.

关 键 词：苹果 花期 霜冻害 调查 

分 类 号：S166[农业科学—农业气象学]