营利法人决议外部效力规则的体系化阐释——以《民法典》第85条为中心  

A Systematic Interpretation of External Validity Rules of Resolutions Made by Profit-going Legal Persons

作　　者：房绍坤 张泽嵩[1] FANG Shaokun;ZHANG Zesong

机构地区：[1]吉林大学理论法学研究中心 [2]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2022年第2期66-81,共16页Research on Rule of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“农村集体产权制度改革的法治保障研究”(项目编号:19ZDA156)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》第85条将善意相对人保护规则引入决议的外部效力领域,可谓总则编法人部分的重大创新。尽管如此,第85条在解释适用上仍存在不少疑义亟待澄清。基于第85条的立法背景及其在决议效力规范体系中的意义,应将第85条的适用情形从决议可撤销扩及到决议不成立。第85条中相对人“善意”的判断之所以面临重重障碍,问题症结在于民法善意的不当商用。依循商法的逻辑、思维与方法,相对人应对决议外观履行合理审慎的形式审查义务,才能构成善意。“民事法律关系不受影响”具有双重含义,从反面对其进行解释也要围绕这双重含义而展开。当相对人主观为恶意时,外部行为的效力如何不能一概而论,宜区分不同的决议事项,综合考虑法律关系的安定性、交易效率与安全、法律规定须经决议的规范目的等因素而类型化地认定外部行为的效力。Article 85 of the Civil Code introduces the rule of protection of party in good faith into the field of external effects of resolutions.It is a major innovation in the general part of the rules of legal persons.Nevertheless,there are still a number of doubts in the interpretation and application of Article 85 that need to be clarified.Based on the legislative background of Article 85 and its significance in the normative system of resolution validity,the application of Article 85 should be extended from revocable resolutions to inoperative resolutions.The reason why the judgment of"good faith"of the party in Article 85 faces many obstacles is because of the improper commercialization of good faith in civil law.According to the logic,thinking and methods of commercial law,the party should perform a reasonable duty of formal inspection of the appearance of the resolution in order to constitute good faith."Civil legal relations are not affected"has a double meaning,and its interpretation from the opposite side should also revolve around this double meaning.When the party is in bad faith,it is not possible to generalize about the validity of external acts.The validity of external acts should be determined by differentiating different resolution matters and taking into account the stability of legal relationships,efficiency and security of transactions,and the normative purpose of the law requiring resolution.

关 键 词：营利法人 决议外部效力 善意相对人 审查义务 无权代理 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]