变应性鼻炎患者变应原分布及其发病危险因素分析  

Analysis of allergen distribution and risk factors in patients with allergic rhinitis

作　　者：李英 楚士东[1] 张洁[1] LI Ying;CHU Shidong;ZHANG Jie(Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital,Hangzhou 310003,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省中西医结合医院,杭州市红十字会医院耳鼻喉科,浙江杭州310003

出　　处：《中国现代医生》2022年第8期54-57,共4页China Modern Doctor

基　　金：浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2020RC097)。

摘　　要：目的探讨变应性鼻炎(AR)患者变应原分布及其发病的相关危险因素。方法选取2019年1月至2020年12月浙江省中西医结合医院耳鼻喉科收治的245例AR患者为AR组,同期选取245例非AR患者为对照组;分析AR患者的吸入性变应原和食入性变应原阳性分布;比较两组患者的性别、年龄、体质量指数、父母平均受教育年限、AR家族史、哮喘病史、食物过敏史、药物过敏史、尘螨过敏、花粉过敏、饲养宠物、家中养花草、近1年房屋装修、居住环境潮湿、职业接触粉尘、晾晒被褥、经常开窗通风、每日睡眠、体育锻炼等因素的差异性,再行多因素logistic回归法筛选AR发生的危险因素。结果AR患者的吸入性变应原阳性分布主要包括尘螨(60.41%)、动物皮毛(38.78%)、蟑螂(23.67%)、霉菌(12.24%)、粉尘(9.39%)等,食入性变应原阳性分布主要包括花生(17.96%)、鸡蛋(15.51%)、牛奶(13.47%)等;影响AR患者发病的危险因素包括AR家族史(OR=3.740)、哮喘病史(OR=5.197)、尘螨过敏(OR=3.518)、花粉过敏(OR=2.838)、饲养宠物(OR=3.180)、近1年房屋装修(OR=3.881)、不经常晾晒被褥(OR=4.088)、不经常开窗通风(OR=2.635)等;而食物过敏史、药物过敏史、职业接触粉尘、每日睡眠不是影响因素。结论AR患者发病主要是暴露于吸入变应原和食入性变应原,影响AR患者发病的危险因素较多且存在相互作用,应进行针对性预防和治疗,降低AR发生率,改善其预后。Objective To investigate the allergen distribution and risk factors in patients with allergic rhinitis(AR).Methods A total of 245 AR patients admitted to Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected as AR group,and 245 non-AR patients admitted to hospital at the same time were selected as the control group.The distribution of positive inhaled allergens and food allergens in AR patients were analyzed.The gender,age,body mass index,average educational years of parents,AR history of family members,asthma history,food allergy history,drug allergy history,dust mite allergy,pollen allergy,pet keeping,flowers and plants growing,house decoration within one year,humid living environment,occupational exposure to dust,drying bedding,frequent ventilation,daily sleep,physical exercise and other factors were compared between the two groups.Then multivariate Logistic regression was used to screen the risk factors of AR.Results The distribution of positive inhaled allergens in AR patients mainly included dust mite(60.41%),animal fur(38.78%),cockroach(23.67%),mold(12.24%),dust(9.39%),etc.The distribution of positive food allergens mainly included peanut(17.96%),egg(15.51%),milk(13.47%),etc.The risk factors for AR comprised of AR history of family members(OR=3.740),asthma history(OR=5.197),dust mite allergy(OR=3.518),pollen allergy(OR=2.838),pet keeping(OR=3.180),house decoration within one year(OR=3.881),infrequent drying of bedding(OR=4.088),infrequent ventilation(OR=2.635),etc.There was no statistical significance in the history of food allergy,drug allergy,occupational exposure to dust and daily sleep(P>0.05).Conclusion AR patients are mainly exposed to inhaled allergens and food allergens.There are multiple and interacting risk factors that influence the development of AR.Targeted prevention and treatment should be carried out to reduce the incidence of AR and improve the prognosis.

关 键 词：变应性鼻炎 吸入性变应原 食入性变应原 危险因素 

分 类 号：R765.2[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科] R392.8[医药卫生—临床医学]