稻田种植对地表径流污染状况调查研究  

Investigation on Surface Runoff Pollution Caused by Rice Planting

作　　者：张雷 张峥 柴宁 赵丽娟 韩凌 刘雅 朱魏伟 ZHANG Lei;ZHANG Zheng;CHAI Ning;ZHAO Lijuan;HAN Ling;LIU Ya;ZHU Weiwei(Liaoning Ecological Environment Monitoring Centre,Shenyang 110161,China;Liaoning Yingkou Ecological Environment Monitoring Centre,Yingkou 115000,China;Tieling Hydrological Bureau of Liaoning Province,Tieling 112000,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省生态环境监测中心,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省营口生态环境监测中心,辽宁营口115000 [3]辽宁省铁岭水文局,辽宁铁岭112000

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2022年第2期123-128,共6页Environmental Monitoring in China

摘　　要：以辽宁省营口市水稻种植区为研究区域,通过对监测地块实地调研、资料收集、监测分析,在稻田整个作物生长周期化肥、农药的施加等情况下开展氮、磷污染物对地表径流污染状况的调查研究。结果表明:化肥、农药的施加均会使受纳水体中总磷、总氮质量浓度升高,施肥后总氮质量浓度上升最显著,绿色种植在扣除总氮背景值后达到37.7 mg/L,有机种植在扣除总氮背景值后达到19.1 mg/L;同时,稻田内养鱼、养虾也会使水质中总磷、总氮质量浓度有所升高,表现为总氮质量浓度升高明显,鱼塘总氮质量浓度由注水期的1.64 mg/L上升为清塘期的5.16 mg/L,虾塘总氮质量浓度由注水期的2.44 mg/L上升为清塘期的3.15 mg/L,鱼塘较虾塘更为显著;地块单元及区块排水会使受纳水体总磷、总氮质量浓度升高,表现为施肥、施药后及鱼虾塘清塘期排水影响较大,其他时间段影响不大;从整个研究区块进、排水污染物总含量来看,总磷排出比例为34.7%,总氮排出比例为46.4%,污染物总量排出比例为46.0%,总排水中总磷、总氮含量对整个外界环境存在一定的影响。Taking the rice planting area of Yingkou City in Liaoning Province as the research area,through the field investigation,data collection and monitoring analysis of the monitoring plots,the investigation and research on the surface runoff pollution caused by nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants introduced by the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the whole crop growth cycle of paddy field were carried out.The results showed that:the application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide could increase the mass concentration of total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the receiving water,especially after fertilization.The total nitrogen mass concentration of green planting reached 37.7 mg/L after deducting the background mass concentration of total nitrogen,and that of organic planting reached 19.1 mg/L after deducting the background mass concentration of total nitrogen.At the same time,raising fish and shrimp in paddy field could also increase the mass concentration of total phosphorus and total nitrogen in water quality,which showed that the mass concentration of total nitrogen in fish pond increased significantly from 1.64 mg/L in water injection period to 5.16 mg/L in pond clearing period,and the mass concentration of total nitrogen in shrimp pond changed from 2.44 mg/L in water injection period to 3.15 mg/L in pond clearing period,which was more significant in fish pond than in shrimp pond.The total phosphorus and total nitrogen mass concentration increased,which showed that the effect of fertilization,pesticide application and fish pond cleaning period drainage was greater than that of other periods.In addition,from the perspective of the total content of pollutants in the advance and retreat water of the whole study area,the total phosphorus discharge proportion was 34.7%,the total nitrogen discharge proportion was 46.4%,and the total pollutant discharge proportion was 46.0%,which indicated that the total phosphorus and total nitrogen content in the total drainage had a certain on the whole external

关 键 词：面源污染 总磷 总氮 稻田种植 地表径流 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]