此公非彼公:清代衍圣公爵位辨析  

This is No Ordinary Duke: Analysis of the Title of the Yan Sheng Gong in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：冯振亮[1] 成积春[1] Feng Zhenliang;Cheng Jichun

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学历史文化学院,山东曲阜273165

出　　处：《孔子研究》2022年第2期93-99,159,共8页Confucius Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“《孔府档案》所见孔府与清代社会变动研究”(项目编号:18BZS131)之阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清代衍圣公虽以“加荣”之名列入《清会典》民世爵制度中,但与其他民世爵公爵的爵号、印信、品秩、俸饷和承袭之法相异甚多,加之衍圣公职责与五经博士、奉祀生等世官相似,故衍圣公此“公”非民世爵之公,实为冠以“公爵”之名的世官,亦即“世官公爵”。如此,《清会典》所载显系有“误”。究其原因,宋代以后孔氏世封“以爵代官”误导后世,明清以来孔子嫡裔所受优渥遮蔽了衍圣公并非公爵的事实,而儒家思想深入人心也使衍圣公“公爵”之名广为世人所认可。凡此种种,造成了《清会典》中衍圣公爵位之“误”。In the Qing Dynasty, the Yan Sheng Gong was recorded in the system of hereditary peerage in the Qing Dynasty Code with the name of "revealing the glory of the Confucius". However, his title, seal, rank, salary and manner of succession are different from that of other ordinary dukes. In addition, the duties of Yan Sheng Gong are the same as those of hereditary bureaucrat such as Wu Jing Bo Shi and Feng Shi Sheng. Therefore, the Yan Sheng Gong did not have the title of ordinary dukes and he was a hereditary bureaucrat in the name of a duke. He is called a special duke among hereditary bureaucrat. Thus, the record in the Qing Dynasty Code seems to be wrong. There are three reasons. First, when the system of Yan Sheng Gong was established in the Song Dynasty, the position of hereditary bureaucrat replaced the noble title, which misled the later generations. Secondly, since the Ming Dynasty, Yan Shen Gong has enjoyed the wealth and power of ordinary dukes. Finally, due to the fact that Confucianism is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, it is considered that the Yan Sheng Gong is a duke. Due to the above reasons, the wrong record about the Yan Sheng Gong is made in the Qing Dynasty Code.

关 键 词：衍圣公 清代世爵 世官 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]