从政府职能转换和国情特征认识财政支出变动规律——改革开放后一般公共预算支出总额增长三大基本成因  

Understanding the Law of Fiscal Expenditure Changes from the Transformation of Government Functions and the Characteristics of National Conditions——Three basic causes of the increase in total general public budget expenditure after the reform and opening

作　　者：白景明 Bai Jingming

机构地区：[1]中国财政科学研究院

出　　处：《价格理论与实践》2022年第1期5-11,21,共8页Price:Theory & Practice

摘　　要：自1978年改革开放以来,我国一般公共预算支出总额快速增长,年均增长率超过GDP和货币供应量两者年均增长率。财政支出规模如此长时间急剧扩张,可说举世罕见。揭示这一现象的基本成因事关财政政策选择。综合分析发现:改革开放后,我国一般公共预算支出增长有三大基本成因:一是人口状况。在财政支出标准既定条件下,财政支出总量与人口总量同步增长。我国人口总量增长和老龄化带来了生存类和安全类公共产品需求的急剧膨胀;二是快速推进社会发展。党的十八大标志着中国特色社会主义建设进入新时代,对五位一体总体布局做了全面部署。党的十九大明确提出社会建设中要解决好人民群众最关心最直接最现实的利益问题。在这一背景下,2014-2020年民生保障支出规模快速扩张;三是实施逆周期调控,1998年后我国实施过两轮旨在托底经济增长的积极财政政策。"十四五"期间我国继续实行积极的财政政策,但必须稳字当头、稳中求进,既要加大对各项经济社会发展战略重点的投入,又要提高资金使用效率、控制风险。需要强调的是:高强度扩张支出是积极的财政政策的主要特征之一,我们应更多从政府职能转换和国情特征两方面出发,认识财政支出变动规律。Since the reform and opening up in 1978,China’s total public budget expenditure has proliferated,with an average annual growth rate exceeding the average annual growth rate of GDP and money supply.It is scarce for the scale of fiscal expenditure to expand rapidly for such a long time.Revealing the fundamental causes of this phenomenon is related to fiscal policy choice.The comprehensive analysis found that there are three primary reasons for the growth of China’s general public budget expenditure after the reform and opening up.One is the population situation.Under the established conditions of the fiscal expenditure standard,the total fiscal expenditure and the total population grow in tandem.The growth and aging of China’s population have brought about a sharp expansion in demand for survival and safe public goods;The second is rapid social development.The 18 th National Congress of the CPC marked a new era in constructing socialism with Chinese characteristics and made a comprehensive deployment of the five-pronged approach.The 19 th National Congress of the CPC clearly stated that the most direct and realistic interests of the people should be solved in social construction.In this context,the scale of people’s livelihood security expenditure expanded rapidly from 2014 to 2020;The third is to implement counter-cyclical control policies.After 1998,China implemented two rounds of proactive fiscal policies to underpin economic growth.During the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period,China will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy,but it must take the lead and seek progress while maintaining stability.It is necessary to increase investment in various economic and social development strategies while improving the efficiency of capital use and controlling risks.It should be emphasized that high-intensity expansionary expenditure is one of the main characteristics of a proactive fiscal policy.We should start from the transformation of government functions and the characteristics of national conditions to unde

关 键 词：一般公共预算支出 人口状况 社会发展 逆周期调控 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学] F812.3[政治法律—中外政治制度]