我国反垄断法安全港规则的构建  

The Construction of Safe Harbor Rules in China’s Anti-monopoly Law

作　　者：李国海[1] 王伊宁 LI Guohai;WANG Yining(School of Law,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期60-71,共12页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AFX018);湖南省高校创新平台开放基金项目(19K102)。

摘　　要：反垄断法安全港规则在美国和欧盟等国家(地区)已经历了较长时间的实践,其中的根本动因是反垄断法的普遍适用性和其规制对象的复杂性之间存在冲突,立法者和执法者需要引入合适工具来予以平衡。安全港规则与反垄断法上的合理原则、豁免制度及适用除外制度既存在密切联系,也存在显著区别。在内容上,由于滥用市场支配地位行为对市场竞争的危害性较大,反垄断法安全港规则不适用该类行为;在适用条件上,以市场份额要件为积极要件,并排除严重限制市场竞争行为的适用。反垄断法上的安全港规则可被划分为合法性推定与豁免推定两种运行模式。我国学术界针对反垄断法引入安全港规则存在一些质疑,但这些质疑是可以化解的。我国反垄断实践中已对该规则进行了初步探索,为该规则的构建积累了初步经验。我国有必要在立法中引入安全港规则。引入时应把握以下几点:排除横向垄断协议、转售价格维持协议及滥用市场支配地位等严重损害市场竞争行为的适用;采取市场份额标准为主、替代性标准为补充的安全港标准;坚持差异性与统一性相结合、稳定性与灵活性相协调的原则。The safe harbor rule of anti-monopoly law has been practiced for a long time in countries such as the United States and the European Union, and the fundamental motivation is the conflict between the universal applicability of anti-monopoly law and the complexity of its regulatory object.Legislators and law enforcers need to introduce appropriate tools to balance them.There are not only close relations but also significant differences between the safe harbor rules and the reasonable principle, exemption system and application exclusion system in the anti-monopoly law.In terms of content, because the abuse of market dominant position is harmful to market competition, the safe harbor rules of anti-monopoly law are not applicable to this kind of behavior;in terms of applicable conditions, market share elements are taken as positive elements, and the application of seriously restricting market competition behavior is excluded.The safe harbor rule in anti-monopoly law can be divided into two operating modes: presumption of legality and presumption of exemption.There are some doubts in Chinese academic circles about the introduction of safe harbor rules into anti-monopoly law, but these questions can be resolved.The rule has been preliminarily explored in the anti-monopoly practice of our country, which has accumulated preliminary experience for the construction of the rule.It is necessary for our country to introduce safe harbor rules into legislation.The following points should be grasped in the quotation: excluding the application of horizontal monopoly agreement, resale price maintenance agreement and abuse of market dominant position, adopting the safe harbor standard with market share standard as the main standard and alternative standard as supplement, and adhering to the principle of the combination of difference and unity and the coordination of stability and flexibility.

关 键 词：安全港规则 规则构建 反垄断法 市场竞争 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]