海岛棉XH16体胚发生过程中的细胞筛选及细胞形态学观察  

Cell Screening and Cytological Observation of Gossypium barbadense XH16 in Somatic Embryogenesis

作　　者：何美莹 周静 沙尼亚·吐鲁孙别克 王俊[1] 张霞[1] He Meiying;Zhou Jing;Sha Niya·Tulusunbieke;Wang Jun;Zhang Xia(College of Life Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,830000)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学生命科学学院,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第5期1602-1608,共7页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660078)资助。

摘　　要：在海岛棉(Gossypium barbadense)离体培养体细胞胚胎发生过程中,能否诱导出胚性细胞是能否建立海岛棉体细胞胚发生体系的关键步骤之一。而在胚性细胞的诱导过程中,会出现许多不同的形态和分化潜能的愈伤组织细胞类型。为获得具有分化潜能的胚性细胞,本研究通过改良的苯酚品红染色法,比较了海岛棉XH16离体培养过程中不同类型的愈伤组织细胞的形态学差异,并进一步对不同类型愈伤组织细胞织进行诱导,鉴定出具有胚性细胞分化潜力的愈伤组织细胞类型。结果表明,在胚性细胞的诱导过程中,有9种不同类型的愈伤组织,其中质地疏松、黄绿色的愈伤组织,其细胞形态偏圆、体积较小、液泡不明显、细胞核一般位于细胞中间,该类愈伤组织在后期诱导后期更易分化形成胚性细胞。细胞形态学观察发现,在海岛棉胚性细胞分化过程中伴随有巨型细胞生出“芽泡”的细胞凋亡现象。本研究鉴定出海岛棉XH16组织细胞培养过程中具有胚性细胞分化潜能的愈伤组织类型,减少了组织培养过程中的盲目性,为后续海岛棉体细胞胚体系的建立和应用提供了材料基础和理论依据。In the process of somatic embryogenesis in the sea-island cotton(Gossypium barbadense),the induction of embryonic cells is one of the key steps to establish somatic embryogenesis system in G.barbadense.However,many cell types with different differentiation potential appear in the induction process of embryonic cells.For obtaining the embryonic cells efficiently,the study screen the different callus types and identify the callus with embryogenic potential.The results show that there are 9 different callus types.Among them,the loose yellowgreen callus have the round cell shape,small volume,no vacuoles but obvious nucleus in the middle of the cell,and this type cells display the embryogenic potential when the induction condition is proper.The cytological observation further indicates the cells nearby embryonic cells display the"bud vesicles",which is the symbol of apoptosis.This study identified the callus types with embryogenic potential,which reduced the blindness in the establishment of XH16 somatic em bryogenesis,and provided the material basis and theoretical basis for the subsequent foundment and application of somatic embryogenesis in the sea-island cotton.

关 键 词：海岛棉 胚性细胞 分化潜能 胚性愈伤组织 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]