80份花椰菜种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of 80 Cauliflower Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits

作　　者：朱世杨 刘庆 钟伟杰 张小玲 罗天宽 唐征 徐谦 Zhu Shiyang;Liu Qing;Zhong Weijie;Zhang Xiaoling;Luo Tiankuan;Tang Zheng;Xu Qian(Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding in South Zhejiang,Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Science,Wenzhou,325006)

机构地区：[1]温州市农业科学研究院,浙南作物育种重点实验室,温州325006

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第5期1672-1684,共13页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：温州市科技计划项目(Z20170006,2019ZX007-1)资助。

摘　　要：对春季栽培条件下80份花椰菜自交系10个数量性状和20个质量性状进行测定,计算变异系数、遗传多样性指数,并进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明,80份花椰菜自交系表型性状遗传变异丰富,其中10份数量性状的变异系数平均值为33.7%,变幅为20.4%(花球纵径)~58.9%(花球重),20份质量性状的Shannon-Weaver多样性指数平均值为1.0,变幅为0.61(花球色)~1.54(叶色)。通过主成分分析,选取方差累积贡献率为78.54%的前9份主成分来评价自交系;现球期、采收期、株高、株幅、叶长、叶宽、花球重、花球横径、小株结球、花蕾粒大小、花球紧实度、花球花茎色、球面茸毛、球面茸毛色、株型、叶形、叶面蜡粉、叶面光泽、叶柄颜色、叶裂刻是花椰菜亲本材料春季栽培评价选择最优的形态指标。通过进一步的非加权类平均法聚类,将80份自交系分为4类:第Ⅰ类春季栽培极早熟,株形叶形小,叶面蜡粉中,小株结球、产量低;第Ⅱ类中早熟,叶色浅灰绿,叶面蜡粉较多,花球近圆,产量较低;第Ⅲ类中熟,叶面蜡粉多,叶柄绿色,花球紧实较重、茸毛多、花茎色黄白;第Ⅳ类中晚熟,株形高大,叶片宽阔,叶色深绿,花球松散、高圆且重。不同类群自交系在花球重、生育期等性状上差异较明显,且聚类结果与品种的来源地之间不尽一致。因此,春季生态型品种选育中要综合考虑亲本的遗传距离和地理距离,选择亲缘关系远、性状差异大的自交系作为杂交的亲本。本研究结果对花椰菜种质资源春季栽培评估及育种利用具有帮助。The 10 quantitative traits and 20 quali tative traits of 80 cauliflower inbred lines cultivated in spring were determined to calculate coefficients of variation and genetic diversity index,and to carried out principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster analysis.The results showed that the genetic diversity of the phenotypic traits in cauliflower inbred lines was abundant under spring cultivation.The mean coefficient of variation of 10quantitative traits among the inbred lines was 33.7%and ranged from 20.4%(lengthways diameter of curd)to 58.9%(curd weight),while the mean Shannon-Weaver diversity index of 20 qualitative traits was 1.00 and ranged from 0.61(curd color)to 1.54(leaf color).Phenotypic traits were categorized by principal components analysis(PCA)into 9 components which explained 78.54%of the total variation.Days to curd appearing,days to curd harvesting,plant height,plant breadth,length of leaf,width of leaf,curd weight,transverse diameter of curd,curd with detached floret,alabastrum size,solidity of curd,stem color in curd,amount of curd hair,hair color on curd,plant growth habit,leaf shape,leaf wax,leaf luster,petiole color,division of outer leaf were optimized phenotypic traits for evaluation spring cauliflower parents.By cluster analysis under the results of PCA,these inbred lines were grouped into four different clusters.Characters of clusterⅠwere very early maturity cultivated in spring,little plant shape and leaf shape,moderate leaf wax,and low weight curd with detached floret.ClusterⅡhad the characters of middle-early maturity,greyish green leaf with thick wax,and light weight curd with near circular.ClusterⅢwas type of medium maturity,thick leaf wax,green petiole,and tight and heavy curd with yellow white stem.ClusterⅣwas middle-late maturity,high plant,length and width leaves with dark green colour,and weighty loose curd with high circular.The clusters had obvious feature for main traits such as curd weight,maturity and did not reflect their geographic region of origin,which indicated

关 键 词：花椰菜 春季品种 形态性状 遗传多样性 表型变异 

分 类 号：S635.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]